hpfs.txt
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- Read/Write HPFS 2.05
- 1998-2001, Mikulas Patocka
- email: mikulas@artax.karlin.mff.cuni.cz
- homepage: http://artax.karlin.mff.cuni.cz/~mikulas/vyplody/hpfs/index-e.cgi
- CREDITS:
- Chris Smith, 1993, original read-only HPFS, some code and hpfs structures file
- is taken from it
- Jacques Gelinas, MSDos mmap, Inspired by fs/nfs/mmap.c (Jon Tombs 15 Aug 1993)
- Werner Almesberger, 1992, 1993, MSDos option parser & CR/LF conversion
- Mount options
- uid=xxx,gid=xxx,umask=xxx (default uid=gid=0 umask=default_system_umask)
- Set owner/group/mode for files that do not have it specified in extended
- attributes. Mode is inverted umask - for example umask 027 gives owner
- all permission, group read permission and anybody else no access. Note
- that for files mode is anded with 0666. If you want files to have 'x'
- rights, you must use extended attributes.
- case=lower,asis (default asis)
- File name lowercasing in readdir.
- conv=binary,text,auto (default binary)
- CR/LF -> LF conversion, if auto, decision is made according to extension
- - there is a list of text extensions (I thing it's better to not convert
- text file than to damage binary file). If you want to change that list,
- change it in the source. Original readonly HPFS contained some strange
- heuristic algorithm that I removed. I thing it's danger to let the
- computer decide whether file is text or binary. For example, DJGPP
- binaries contain small text message at the beginning and they could be
- misidentified and damaged under some circumstances.
- check=none,normal,strict (default normal)
- Check level. Selecting none will cause only little speedup and big
- danger. I tried to write it so that it won't crash if check=normal on
- corrupted filesystems. check=strict means many superfluous checks -
- used for debugging (for example it checks if file is allocated in
- bitmaps when accessing it).
- errors=continue,remount-ro,panic (default remount-ro)
- Behaviour when filesystem errors found.
- chkdsk=no,errors,always (default errors)
- When to mark filesystem dirty so that OS/2 checks it.
- eas=no,ro,rw (default rw)
- What to do with extended attributes. 'no' - ignore them and use always
- values specified in uid/gid/mode options. 'ro' - read extended
- attributes but do not create them. 'rw' - create extended attributes
- when you use chmod/chown/chgrp/mknod/ln -s on the filesystem.
- timeshift=(-)nnn (default 0)
- Shifts the time by nnn seconds. For example, if you see under linux
- one hour more, than under os/2, use timeshift=-3600.
- File names
- As in OS/2, filenames are case insensitive. However, shell thinks that names
- are case sensitive, so for example when you create a file FOO, you can use
- 'cat FOO', 'cat Foo', 'cat foo' or 'cat F*' but not 'cat f*'. Note, that you
- also won't be able to compile linux kernel (and maybe other things) on HPFS
- because kernel creates different files with names like bootsect.S and
- bootsect.s. When searching for file thats name has characters >= 128, codepages
- are used - see below.
- OS/2 ignores dots and spaces at the end of file name, so this driver does as
- well. If you create 'a. ...', the file 'a' will be created, but you can still
- access it under names 'a.', 'a..', 'a . . . ' etc.
- Extended attributes
- On HPFS partitions, OS/2 can associate to each file a special information called
- extended attributes. Extended attributes are pairs of (key,value) where key is
- an ascii string identifying that attribute and value is any string of bytes of
- variable length. OS/2 stores window and icon positions and file types there. So
- why not use it for unix-specific info like file owner or access rights? This
- driver can do it. If you chown/chgrp/chmod on a hpfs partition, extended
- attributes with keys "UID", "GID" or "MODE" and 2-byte values are created. Only
- that extended attributes those value differs from defaults specified in mount
- options are created. Once created, the extended attributes are never deleted,
- they're just changed. It means that when your default uid=0 and you type
- something like 'chown luser file; chown root file' the file will contain
- extended attribute UID=0. And when you umount the fs and mount it again with
- uid=luser_uid, the file will be still owned by root! If you chmod file to 444,
- extended attribute "MODE" will not be set, this special case is done by setting
- read-only flag. When you mknod a block or char device, besides "MODE", the
- special 4-byte extended attribute "DEV" will be created containing the device
- number. Currently this driver cannot resize extended attributes - it means
- that if somebody (I don't know who?) has set "UID", "GID", "MODE" or "DEV"
- attributes with different sizes, they won't be rewritten and changing these
- values doesn't work.
- Symlinks
- You can do symlinks on HPFS partition, symlinks are achieved by setting extended
- attribute named "SYMLINK" with symlink value. Like on ext2, you can chown and
- chgrp symlinks but I don't know what is it good for. chmoding symlink results
- in chmoding file where symlink points. These symlinks are just for Linux use and
- incompatible with OS/2. OS/2 PmShell symlinks are not supported because they are
- stored in very crazy way. They tried to do it so that link changes when file is
- moved ... sometimes it works. But the link is partly stored in directory
- extended attributes and partly in OS2SYS.INI. I don't want (and don't know how)
- to analyze or change OS2SYS.INI.
- Codepages
- HPFS can contain several uppercasing tables for several codepages and each
- file has a pointer to codepage it's name is in. However OS/2 was created in
- America where people don't care much about codepages and so multiple codepages
- support is quite buggy. I have Czech OS/2 working in codepage 852 on my disk.
- Once I booted English OS/2 working in cp 850 and I created a file on my 852
- partition. It marked file name codepage as 850 - good. But when I again booted
- Czech OS/2, the file was completely inaccessible under any name. It seems that
- OS/2 uppercases the search pattern with it's system code page (852) and file
- name it's comparing to with its code page (850). These could never match. Is it
- really what IBM developers wanted? But problems continued. When I created in
- Czech OS/2 another file in that directory, that file was inaccessible too. OS/2
- probably uses different uppercasing method when searching where to place a file
- (note, that files in HPFS directory must be sorted) and when searching for
- a file. Finally when I opened this directory in PmShell, PmShell crashed (the
- funny thing was that, when rebooted, PmShell tried to reopen this directory
- again :-). chkdsk happily ignores these errors and only low-level disk
- modification saved me. Never mix different language versions of OS/2 on one
- system although HPFS was designed to allow that.
- OK, I could implement complex codepage support to this driver but I think it
- would cause more problems than benefit with such buggy implementation in OS/2.
- So this driver simply uses first codepage it finds for uppercasing and
- lowercasing no matter what's file codepage index. Usually all file names are in
- this codepage - if you don't try to do what I described above :-)
- Known bugs
- HPFS386 on OS/2 server is not supported. HPFS386 installed on normal OS/2 client
- should work. If you have OS/2 server, use only read-only mode. I don't know how
- to handle some HPFS386 structures like access control list or extended perm
- list, I don't know how to delete them when file is deleted and how to not
- overwrite them with extended attributes. Send me some info on these structures
- and I'll make it. However, this driver should detect presence of HPFS386
- structures, remount read-only and not destroy them (I hope).
- When there's not enough space for extended attributes, they will be truncated
- and no error is returned.
- OS/2 can't access files if the path is longer than about 256 chars but this
- driver allows you to do it. chkdsk ignores such errors.
- Sometimes you won't be able to delete some files on a very full filesystem
- (returning error ENOSPC). That's because file in non-leaf node in directory tree
- (one directory, if it's large, has dirents in tree on HPFS) must be replaced
- with another node when deleted. And that new file might have larger name than
- the old one so the new name doesn't fit in directory node (dnode). And that
- would result in directory tree splitting, that takes disk space. Workaround is
- to delete other files that are leaf (probability that the file is non-leaf is
- about 1/50) or to truncate file first to make some space.
- You encounter this problem only if you have many directories so that
- preallocated directory band is full i.e.
- number_of_directories / size_of_filesystem_in_mb > 4.
- You can't delete open directories.
- You can't rename over directories (what is it good for?).
- Renaming files so that only case changes doesn't work. This driver supports it
- but vfs doesn't. Something like 'mv file FILE' won't work.
- All atimes and directory mtimes are not updated. That's because of performance
- reasons. If you extremely wish to update them, let me know, I'll write it (but
- it will be slow).
- When the system is out of memory and swap, it may slightly corrupt filesystem
- (lost files, unbalanced directories). (I guess all filesystem may do it).
- When compiled, you get warning: function declaration isn't a prototype. Does
- anybody know what does it mean?
- What does "unbalanced tree" message mean?
- Old versions of this driver created sometimes unbalanced dnode trees. OS/2
- chkdsk doesn't scream if the tree is unbalanced (and sometimes creates
- unbalanced trees too :-) but both HPFS and HPFS386 contain bug that it rarely
- crashes when the tree is not balanced. This driver handles unbalanced trees
- correctly and writes warning if it finds them. If you see this message, this is
- probably because of directories created with old version of this driver.
- Workaround is to move all files from that directory to another and then back
- again. Do it in Linux, not OS/2! If you see this message in directory that is
- whole created by this driver, it is BUG - let me know about it.
- Bugs in OS/2
- When you have two (or more) lost directories pointing each to other, chkdsk
- locks up when repairing filesystem.
- Sometimes (I think it's random) when you create a file with one-char name under
- OS/2, OS/2 marks it as 'long'. chkdsk then removes this flag saying "Minor fs
- error corrected".
- File names like "a .b" are marked as 'long' by OS/2 but chkdsk "corrects" it and
- marks them as short (and writes "minor fs error corrected"). This bug is not in
- HPFS386.
- Codepage bugs described above.
- If you don't install fixpacks, there are many, many more...
- History
- 0.90 First public release
- 0.91 Fixed bug that caused shooting to memory when write_inode was called on
- open inode (rarely happened)
- 0.92 Fixed a little memory leak in freeing directory inodes
- 0.93 Fixed bug that locked up the machine when there were too many filenames
- with first 15 characters same
- Fixed write_file to zero file when writing behind file end
- 0.94 Fixed a little memory leak when trying to delete busy file or directory
- 0.95 Fixed a bug that i_hpfs_parent_dir was not updated when moving files
- 1.90 First version for 2.1.1xx kernels
- 1.91 Fixed a bug that chk_sectors failed when sectors were at the end of disk
- Fixed a race-condition when write_inode is called while deleting file
- Fixed a bug that could possibly happen (with very low probability) when
- using 0xff in filenames
- Rewritten locking to avoid race-conditions
- Mount option 'eas' now works
- Fsync no longer returns error
- Files beginning with '.' are marked hidden
- Remount support added
- Alloc is not so slow when filesystem becomes full
- Atimes are no more updated because it slows down operation
- Code cleanup (removed all commented debug prints)
- 1.92 Corrected a bug when sync was called just before closing file
- 1.93 Modified, so that it works with kernels >= 2.1.131, I don't know if it
- works with previous versions
- Fixed a possible problem with disks > 64G (but I don't have one, so I can't
- test it)
- Fixed a file overflow at 2G
- Added new option 'timeshift'
- Changed behaviour on HPFS386: It is now possible to operate on HPFS386 in
- read-only mode
- Fixed a bug that slowed down alloc and prevented allocating 100% space
- (this bug was not destructive)
- 1.94 Added workaround for one bug in Linux
- Fixed one buffer leak
- Fixed some incompatibilities with large extended attributes (but it's still
- not 100% ok, I have no info on it and OS/2 doesn't want to create them)
- Rewritten allocation
- Fixed a bug with i_blocks (du sometimes didn't display correct values)
- Directories have no longer archive attribute set (some programs don't like
- it)
- Fixed a bug that it set badly one flag in large anode tree (it was not
- destructive)
- 1.95 Fixed one buffer leak, that could happen on corrupted filesystem
- Fixed one bug in allocation in 1.94
- 1.96 Added workaround for one bug in OS/2 (HPFS locked up, HPFS386 reported
- error sometimes when opening directories in PMSHELL)
- Fixed a possible bitmap race
- Fixed possible problem on large disks
- You can now delete open files
- Fixed a nondestructive race in rename
- 1.97 Support for HPFS v3 (on large partitions)
- Fixed a bug that it didn't allow creation of files > 128M (it should be 2G)
- 1.97.1 Changed names of global symbols
- Fixed a bug when chmoding or chowning root directory
- 1.98 Fixed a deadlock when using old_readdir
- Better directory handling; workaround for "unbalanced tree" bug in OS/2
- 1.99 Corrected a possible problem when there's not enough space while deleting
- file
- Now it tries to truncate the file if there's not enough space when deleting
- Removed a lot of redundant code
- 2.00 Fixed a bug in rename (it was there since 1.96)
- Better anti-fragmentation strategy
- 2.01 Fixed problem with directory listing over NFS
- Directory lseek now checks for proper parameters
- Fixed race-condition in buffer code - it is in all filesystems in Linux;
- when reading device (cat /dev/hda) while creating files on it, files
- could be damaged
- 2.02 Woraround for bug in breada in Linux. breada could cause accesses beyond
- end of partition
- 2.03 Char, block devices and pipes are correctly created
- Fixed non-crashing race in unlink (Alexander Viro)
- Now it works with Japanese version of OS/2
- 2.04 Fixed error when ftruncate used to extend file
- 2.05 Fixed crash when got mount parameters without =
- Fixed crash when allocation of anode failed due to full disk
- Fixed some crashes when block io or inode allocation failed
- vim: set textwidth=80: