ntfs.txt
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上传日期:2013-04-10
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- NTFS Overview
- =============
- Legato Systems, Inc. (http://www.legato.com) have sponsored Anton Altaparmakov
- to develop NTFS on Linux since June 2001.
- To mount an NTFS volume, use the filesystem type 'ntfs'. The driver
- currently works only in read-only mode, with no fault-tolerance supported.
- If you enable the dangerous(!) write support, make sure you can recover
- from a complete loss of data. Also, download the Linux-NTFS project
- distribution from Sourceforge at http://sourceforge.net/projects/linux-ntfs/
- and always run the included ntfsfix utility after performing a write to an
- NTFS partition from Linux to fix some of the damage done by the Linux NTFS
- driver and to schedule an automatic chkdsk when Windows reboots. You should
- run ntfsfix _after_ unmounting the partition in Linux but _before_ rebooting
- into Windows. During the next reboot into Windows, chkdsk will be run
- automatically fixing the remaining damage. If no errors are found it is a
- good indication that the driver + ntfsfix together worked to full
- satisfaction. (-;
- Please note that the experimental write support is limited to Windows NT4 and
- earlier versions at the moment.
- If you think you have discovered a bug please have look at the "Known bugs"
- section below to see whether it isn't known already.
- For ftdisk support, limited success was reported with volume sets on top of
- the md driver, although mirror and stripe sets should work as well - if the
- md driver can be talked into using the same layout as Windows NT. However,
- using the md driver will fail if any of your NTFS partitions have an odd
- number of sectors.
- Supported mount options
- =======================
- iocharset=name Character set to use when returning file names.
- Unlike VFAT, NTFS suppresses names that contain
- unconvertible characters. Note that most character
- sets contain insufficient characters to represent all
- possible Unicode characters that can exist on NTFS. To
- be sure you are not missing any files, you are advised
- to use the iocharset=utf8 which should be capable of
- representing all Unicode characters.
- utf8=<bool> Use UTF-8 for converting file names. - It is preferable
- to use iocharset=utf8 instead, but if the utf8 NLS is
- not available, you can use this utf8 option, which
- enables the driver's builtin utf8 conversion functions.
- uid=
- gid=
- umask= These options work as documented in mount(8).
- By default, the files are owned by root and
- not readable by anyone else.
- posix=<bool> If enabled, the file system distinguishes between
- upper and lower case. The 8.3 alias names are presented
- as hard links instead of being suppressed.
- show_sys_files=<bool> If enabled, show all system files as normal files. Note
- that $MFT does not appear unless specifically
- requested. For example in bash, use: "ls -l $MFT".
- Be careful not to write anything to them or you could
- crash the kernel and/or corrupt your file system!
- mft_zone_multiplier= Set the MFT zone multiplier for the volume (this
- setting is not persistent across mounts and can be
- changed from mount to mount but cannot be changed on
- remount). Values of 1 to 4 are allowed, 1 being the
- default. The MFT zone multiplier determines how much
- space is reserved for the MFT on the volume. If all
- other space is used up, then the MFT zone will be
- shrunk dynamically, so this has no impact on the
- amount of free space. However, it can have an impact
- on performance by affecting fragmentation of the MFT.
- In general use the default. If you have a lot of small
- files then use a higher value. The values have the
- following meaning:
- Value MFT zone size (% of volume size)
- 1 12.5%
- 2 25%
- 3 37.5%
- 4 50%
- Known bugs and (mis-)features
- =============================
- - Do not use the driver for writing as it corrupts the file system. If you do
- use it, get the Linux-NTFS tools and use the ntfsfix utility after
- dismounting a partition you wrote to.
- - Writing of extension records is not supported properly.
- Please send bug reports/comments/feed back/abuse to the Linux-NTFS development
- list at sourceforge: linux-ntfs-dev@lists.sourceforge.net
- ChangeLog
- =========
- NTFS 1.1.21:
- - Fixed bug with reading $MFT where we try to read higher mft records
- before having read the $DATA attribute of $MFT. (Note this is only a
- partial solution which will only work in the case that the attribute
- list is resident or non-resident but $DATA is in the first 1024
- bytes. But this should be enough in the majority of cases. I am not
- going to bother fixing the general case until someone finds this to
- be a problem for them, which I doubt very much will ever happen...)
- - Fixed bogus BUG() call in readdir().
- NTFS 1.1.20:
- - Fixed two bugs in ntfs_readwrite_attr(). Thanks to Jan Kara for
- spotting the out of bounds one.
- - Check return value of set_blocksize() in ntfs_read_super() and make
- use of get_hardsect_size() to determine the minimum block size.
- - Fix return values of ntfs_vcn_to_lcn(). This should stop
- peoples start of partition being overwritten at random.
- NTFS 1.1.19:
- - Fixed ntfs_getdir_unsorted(), ntfs_readdir() and ntfs_printcb() to
- cope with arbitrary cluster sizes. Very important for Win2k+. Also,
- make them detect directories which are too large and truncate the
- enumeration pretending end of directory was reached. Detect more
- error conditions and overflows. All this fixes the problem where the
- driver could end up in an infinite loop under certain circumstances.
- - Fixed potential memory leaks in Unicode conversion functions and
- setup correct NULL return values.
- NTFS 1.1.18:
- - Enhanced & bug fixed cluster deallocation (race fixes, etc.)
- - Complete rewrite of cluster allocation, now race free.
- - Fixed several bugs in the attribute modification codepaths.
- - Hopefully fixed bug where the first sectors of some people's
- partitions would be overwritten by the mft. And in general fixed up
- mft extension code a bit (still incomplete though).
- - Introduce splice_runlist() to allow generic splicing of two run
- lists into one.
- - MFT zone is now implemented. [Stage 2 of 3; only lack dynamic
- growing of mft zone but that is AFAIK not even done by Windows, and
- the overhead would be so large that it is probably not worth doing
- at all, so Stage 3 might never happen...]
- - Complete rewrite of $MFT extension and ntfs inode allocation code.
- - Made the NTFS driver initialization string show the compile options
- used (i.e. whether read-only or read-write, whether a module, and
- whether with debug support).
- - Modify ntfs_fill_mft_header() to set all fields and to accept more
- arguments.
- - Get rid of superfluous add_mft_header().
- - Get rid of some unused code.
- - Fixed several bugs in and generally cleaned up ntfs_readdir,
- ntfs_getdir_unsorted(), and ntfs_printcb. Now they spew out huge
- amounts of debug output if debugging is enabled. This will be
- removed once I know that this works for everyone.
- - ntfs_readdir now shows hidden files. The only files that are now
- hidden are the first 16 inodes (i.e. the hard coded system files),
- which is consistent with Windows NT4. Using the show_sys_files mount
- option, these files are then shown, too.
- - Fixed the displaying of the "." and ".." directories. We still cannot
- cope with more than 65536 files in a directory index block which is
- not a problem and we now cannot cope with more than 32766 directory
- index blocks which should not be a problem unless you have a
- directory with an insanely large number of files in it. The exact
- number depends on the length of the file names of the directory
- entries and on the size of the dircetory index blocks.
- - Fixed all problems with the last file in a directory (e.g. the last
- file should no longer disappear and tab completion should work). If
- there are still disappearing files or any other problems with the
- last file in a directory, please report them! Thanks.
- - Rewrote ntfs_extend_attr() to use the new cluster allocator and the
- freshly introduced splice_runlists() function. This simplified
- ntfs_extend_attr() a lot which in turn seems to have removed one or
- more bugs from it.
- - Probably other things I have forgotten... (-;
- - Removed dollar signs from the names in the system file enumeration.
- Apparently gcc doesn't support dollar signs on PPC architecture.
- (Andrzej Krzysztofowicz)
- NTFS 1.1.17:
- - Fixed system file handling. No longer need to use show_sys_files
- option for driver to work fine. System files are now always treated
- the same, but without the option, they are made invisible to
- directory listings. As a result system files can once again be opened
- even without the show_sys_files option. This is important for the
- statfs system call to work properly, for example.
- - Implemented MFT zone including mount parameter to tune it (just like
- in Windows via the registry, only we make it per mount rather than
- global for the whole driver, so we are better but we have no way of
- storing the value as we don't have a registry so either specify on
- each mount or put it in /etc/fstab). [Stage 1 of 3, mount parameter
- handling.]
- - Fixed fixup functions to handle corruption cases and to return error
- codes to the caller.
- - Made fixup functions apply hotfixes where sensible. [Stage 1 of 2+,
- in memory only.]
- - Fixed ommission of "NTFS: " string in ntfs_error() output.
- - Fixed stupid if statement bug in unistr.c. Thanks to Yann E. Morin
- for spotting it.
- - Get rid of all uses of max and min macros. This actually allowed for
- optimizing the code in several places so it was a Good Thing(TM).
- - Make ntfs use generic_file_open to enforce the O_LARGEFILE flag.
- - Detect encrypted files and refuse to access them (return EACCES
- error code to user space).
- - Fix handling of encrypted & compressed files so that an encrypted
- file no longer is considered to be compressed (this was causing
- kernel segmentation faults).
- NTFS 1.1.16:
- - Removed non-functional uni_xlate mount options.
- - Clarified the semantics of the utf8 and iocharset mount options.
- - Threw out the non-functional mount options for using hard coded
- character set conversion. Only kept utf8 one.
- - Fixed handling of mount options and proper handling of faulty mount
- options on remount.
- - Cleaned up character conversion which basically became simplified a
- lot due to the removal of the above mentioned mount options.
- - Made character conversion to be always consistent. Previously we
- could output to the VFS file names which we would then not accept
- back from the VFS so in effect we were generating ghost entries in
- the directory listings which could not be accessed by any means.
- - Simplified time conversion functions drastically without sacrificing
- accuracy. (-8
- - Fixed a use of a pointer before the check for the pointer being
- NULL, reported by the Stanford checker.
- - Fixed several missing error checks, reported by the Stanford
- checker and fixed by Rasmus Andersen.
- NTFS 1.1.15 (changes since kernel 2.4.4's NTFS driver):
- - New mount option show_sys_files=<bool> to show all system files as
- normal files.
- - Support for files and in general any attributes up to the full 2TiB
- size supported by the NTFS filesystem. Note we only support up to
- 32-bits worth of inodes/clusters at this point.
- - Support for more than 128kiB sized runlists (using vmalloc_32()
- instead of kmalloc()).
- - Fixed races in allocation of clusters and mft records.
- - Fixed major bugs in attribute handling / searching / collation.
- - Fixed major bugs in compressing a run list into a mapping pairs array.
- - Fixed major bugs in inode allocation. Especially file create and
- mkdir.
- - Fixed memory leaks.
- - Fixed major bug in inode layout assignment of sequence numbers.
- - Lots of other bug fixes I can't think of right now...
- - Fixed NULL bug found by the Stanford checker in ntfs_dupuni2map().
- - Convert large stack variable to dynamically allocated one in
- ntfs_get_free_cluster_count() (found by Stanford checker).
- Kernel 2.4.4:
- - Started ChangeLog.