vfat.txt
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上传日期:2013-04-10
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- USING VFAT
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- To use the vfat filesystem, use the filesystem type 'vfat'. i.e.
- mount -t vfat /dev/fd0 /mnt
- No special partition formatter is required. mkdosfs will work fine
- if you want to format from within Linux.
- VFAT MOUNT OPTIONS
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- codepage=### -- Sets the codepage for converting to shortname characters
- on FAT and VFAT filesystems. By default, codepage 437
- is used. This is the default for the U.S. and some
- European countries.
- iocharset=name -- Character set to use for converting between 8 bit characters
- and 16 bit Unicode characters. Long filenames are stored on
- disk in Unicode format, but Unix for the most part doesn't
- know how to deal with Unicode. There is also an option of
- doing UTF8 translations with the utf8 option.
- utf8=<bool> -- UTF8 is the filesystem safe version of Unicode that
- is used by the console. It can be be enabled for the
- filesystem with this option. If 'uni_xlate' gets set,
- UTF8 gets disabled.
- uni_xlate=<bool> -- Translate unhandled Unicode characters to special
- escaped sequences. This would let you backup and
- restore filenames that are created with any Unicode
- characters. Until Linux supports Unicode for real,
- this gives you an alternative. Without this option,
- a '?' is used when no translation is possible. The
- escape character is ':' because it is otherwise
- illegal on the vfat filesystem. The escape sequence
- that gets used is ':' and the four digits of hexadecimal
- unicode.
- posix=<bool> -- Allow names of same letters, different case such as
- 'LongFileName' and 'longfilename' to coexist. This has some
- problems currently because 8.3 conflicts are not handled
- correctly for POSIX filesystem compliance.
- nonumtail=<bool> -- When creating 8.3 aliases, normally the alias will
- end in '~1' or tilde followed by some number. If this
- option is set, then if the filename is
- "longfilename.txt" and "longfile.txt" does not
- currently exist in the directory, 'longfile.txt' will
- be the short alias instead of 'longfi~1.txt'.
-
- quiet -- Stops printing certain warning messages.
- check=s|r|n -- Case sensitivity checking setting.
- s: strict, case sensitive
- r: relaxed, case insensitive
- n: normal, default setting, currently case insensitive
- shortname=lower|win95|winnt|mixed
- -- Shortname display/create setting.
- lower: convert to lowercase for display,
- emulate the Windows 95 rule for create.
- win95: emulate the Windows 95 rule for display/create.
- winnt: emulate the Windows NT rule for display/create.
- mixed: emulate the Windows NT rule for display,
- emulate the Windows 95 rule for create.
- Default setting is `lower'.
- <bool>: 0,1,yes,no,true,false
- TODO
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- * Need to get rid of the raw scanning stuff. Instead, always use
- a get next directory entry approach. The only thing left that uses
- raw scanning is the directory renaming code.
- * Fix the POSIX filesystem support to work in 8.3 space. This involves
- renaming aliases if a conflict occurs between a new filename and
- an old alias. This is quite a mess.
- POSSIBLE PROBLEMS
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- * vfat_valid_longname does not properly checked reserved names.
- * When a volume name is the same as a directory name in the root
- directory of the filesystem, the directory name sometimes shows
- up as an empty file.
- * autoconv option does not work correctly.
- BUG REPORTS
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- If you have trouble with the VFAT filesystem, mail bug reports to
- chaffee@bmrc.cs.berkeley.edu. Please specify the filename
- and the operation that gave you trouble.
- TEST SUITE
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- If you plan to make any modifications to the vfat filesystem, please
- get the test suite that comes with the vfat distribution at
- http://bmrc.berkeley.edu/people/chaffee/vfat.html
- This tests quite a few parts of the vfat filesystem and additional
- tests for new features or untested features would be appreciated.
- NOTES ON THE STRUCTURE OF THE VFAT FILESYSTEM
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
- (This documentation was provided by Galen C. Hunt <gchunt@cs.rochester.edu>
- and lightly annotated by Gordon Chaffee).
- This document presents a very rough, technical overview of my
- knowledge of the extended FAT file system used in Windows NT 3.5 and
- Windows 95. I don't guarantee that any of the following is correct,
- but it appears to be so.
- The extended FAT file system is almost identical to the FAT
- file system used in DOS versions up to and including 6.223410239847
- :-). The significant change has been the addition of long file names.
- These names support up to 255 characters including spaces and lower
- case characters as opposed to the traditional 8.3 short names.
- Here is the description of the traditional FAT entry in the current
- Windows 95 filesystem:
- struct directory { // Short 8.3 names
- unsigned char name[8]; // file name
- unsigned char ext[3]; // file extension
- unsigned char attr; // attribute byte
- unsigned char lcase; // Case for base and extension
- unsigned char ctime_ms; // Creation time, milliseconds
- unsigned char ctime[2]; // Creation time
- unsigned char cdate[2]; // Creation date
- unsigned char adate[2]; // Last access date
- unsigned char reserved[2]; // reserved values (ignored)
- unsigned char time[2]; // time stamp
- unsigned char date[2]; // date stamp
- unsigned char start[2]; // starting cluster number
- unsigned char size[4]; // size of the file
- };
- The lcase field specifies if the base and/or the extension of an 8.3
- name should be capitalized. This field does not seem to be used by
- Windows 95 but it is used by Windows NT. The case of filenames is not
- completely compatible from Windows NT to Windows 95. It is not completely
- compatible in the reverse direction, however. Filenames that fit in
- the 8.3 namespace and are written on Windows NT to be lowercase will
- show up as uppercase on Windows 95.
- Note that the "start" and "size" values are actually little
- endian integer values. The descriptions of the fields in this
- structure are public knowledge and can be found elsewhere.
- With the extended FAT system, Microsoft has inserted extra
- directory entries for any files with extended names. (Any name which
- legally fits within the old 8.3 encoding scheme does not have extra
- entries.) I call these extra entries slots. Basically, a slot is a
- specially formatted directory entry which holds up to 13 characters of
- a file's extended name. Think of slots as additional labeling for the
- directory entry of the file to which they correspond. Microsoft
- prefers to refer to the 8.3 entry for a file as its alias and the
- extended slot directory entries as the file name.
- The C structure for a slot directory entry follows:
- struct slot { // Up to 13 characters of a long name
- unsigned char id; // sequence number for slot
- unsigned char name0_4[10]; // first 5 characters in name
- unsigned char attr; // attribute byte
- unsigned char reserved; // always 0
- unsigned char alias_checksum; // checksum for 8.3 alias
- unsigned char name5_10[12]; // 6 more characters in name
- unsigned char start[2]; // starting cluster number
- unsigned char name11_12[4]; // last 2 characters in name
- };
- If the layout of the slots looks a little odd, it's only
- because of Microsoft's efforts to maintain compatibility with old
- software. The slots must be disguised to prevent old software from
- panicking. To this end, a number of measures are taken:
- 1) The attribute byte for a slot directory entry is always set
- to 0x0f. This corresponds to an old directory entry with
- attributes of "hidden", "system", "read-only", and "volume
- label". Most old software will ignore any directory
- entries with the "volume label" bit set. Real volume label
- entries don't have the other three bits set.
- 2) The starting cluster is always set to 0, an impossible
- value for a DOS file.
- Because the extended FAT system is backward compatible, it is
- possible for old software to modify directory entries. Measures must
- be taken to ensure the validity of slots. An extended FAT system can
- verify that a slot does in fact belong to an 8.3 directory entry by
- the following:
- 1) Positioning. Slots for a file always immediately proceed
- their corresponding 8.3 directory entry. In addition, each
- slot has an id which marks its order in the extended file
- name. Here is a very abbreviated view of an 8.3 directory
- entry and its corresponding long name slots for the file
- "My Big File.Extension which is long":
- <proceeding files...>
- <slot #3, id = 0x43, characters = "h is long">
- <slot #2, id = 0x02, characters = "xtension whic">
- <slot #1, id = 0x01, characters = "My Big File.E">
- <directory entry, name = "MYBIGFIL.EXT">
- Note that the slots are stored from last to first. Slots
- are numbered from 1 to N. The Nth slot is or'ed with 0x40
- to mark it as the last one.
- 2) Checksum. Each slot has an "alias_checksum" value. The
- checksum is calculated from the 8.3 name using the
- following algorithm:
- for (sum = i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
- sum = (((sum&1)<<7)|((sum&0xfe)>>1)) + name[i]
- }
- 3) If there is free space in the final slot, a Unicode NULL (0x0000)
- is stored after the final character. After that, all unused
- characters in the final slot are set to Unicode 0xFFFF.
- Finally, note that the extended name is stored in Unicode. Each Unicode
- character takes two bytes.