SAK.txt
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- Linux 2.4.2 Secure Attention Key (SAK) handling
- 18 March 2001, Andrew Morton <andrewm@uow.edu.au>
- An operating system's Secure Attention Key is a security tool which is
- provided as protection against trojan password capturing programs. It
- is an undefeatable way of killing all programs which could be
- masquerading as login applications. Users need to be taught to enter
- this key sequence before they log in to the system.
- From the PC keyboard, Linux has two similar but different ways of
- providing SAK. One is the ALT-SYSRQ-K sequence. You shouldn't use
- this sequence. It is only available if the kernel was compiled with
- sysrq support.
- The proper way of generating a SAK is to define the key sequence using
- `loadkeys'. This will work whether or not sysrq support is compiled
- into the kernel.
- SAK works correctly when the keyboard is in raw mode. This means that
- once defined, SAK will kill a running X server. If the system is in
- run level 5, the X server will restart. This is what you want to
- happen.
- What key sequence should you use? Well, CTRL-ALT-DEL is used to reboot
- the machine. CTRL-ALT-BACKSPACE is magical to the X server. We'll
- choose CTRL-ALT-PAUSE.
- In your rc.sysinit (or rc.local) file, add the command
- echo "control alt keycode 101 = SAK" | /bin/loadkeys
- And that's it! Only the superuser may reprogram the SAK key.
- NOTES
- =====
- 1: Linux SAK is said to be not a "true SAK" as is required by
- systems which implement C2 level security. This author does not
- know why.
- 2: On the PC keyboard, SAK kills all applications which have
- /dev/console opened.
- Unfortunately this includes a number of things which you don't
- actually want killed. This is because these appliccaitons are
- incorrectly holding /dev/console open. Be sure to complain to your
- Linux distributor about this!
- You can identify processes which will be killed by SAK with the
- command
- # ls -l /proc/[0-9]*/fd/* | grep console
- l-wx------ 1 root root 64 Mar 18 00:46 /proc/579/fd/0 -> /dev/console
- Then:
- # ps aux|grep 579
- root 579 0.0 0.1 1088 436 ? S 00:43 0:00 gpm -t ps/2
- So `gpm' will be killed by SAK. This is a bug in gpm. It should
- be closing standard input. You can work around this by finding the
- initscript which launches gpm and changing it thusly:
- Old:
- daemon gpm
- New:
- daemon gpm < /dev/null
- Vixie cron also seems to have this problem, and needs the same treatment.
- Also, one prominent Linux distribution has the following three
- lines in its rc.sysinit and rc scripts:
- exec 3<&0
- exec 4>&1
- exec 5>&2
- These commands cause *all* daemons which are launched by the
- initscripts to have file descriptors 3, 4 and 5 attached to
- /dev/console. So SAK kills them all. A workaround is to simply
- delete these lines, but this may cause system management
- applications to malfunction - test everything well.