input.txt
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- Linux Input drivers v1.0
- (c) 1999-2001 Vojtech Pavlik <vojtech@suse.cz>
- Sponsored by SuSE
- $Id: input.txt,v 1.5 2001/06/06 11:05:33 vojtech Exp $
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 0. Disclaimer
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
- under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
- Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option)
- any later version.
- This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
- WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
- or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for
- more details.
- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
- with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59
- Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
- Should you need to contact me, the author, you can do so either by e-mail
- - mail your message to <vojtech@suse.cz>, or by paper mail: Vojtech Pavlik,
- Simunkova 1594, Prague 8, 182 00 Czech Republic
- For your convenience, the GNU General Public License version 2 is included
- in the package: See the file COPYING.
- 1. Introduction
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- This is a collection of drivers that is designed to support all input
- devices under Linux. However, in the current kernels, although it's
- possibilities are much bigger, it's limited to USB devices only. This is
- also why it resides in the drivers/usb subdirectory.
- The center of the input drivers is the input.o module, which must be
- loaded before any other of the input modules - it serves as a way of
- communication between two groups of modules:
- 1.1 Device drivers
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- These modules talk to the hardware (for example via USB), and provide
- events (keystrokes, mouse movements) to the input.o module.
- 1.2 Event handlers
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- These modules get events from input.o and pass them where needed via
- various interfaces - keystrokes to the kernel, mouse movements via a
- simulated PS/2 interface to GPM and X and so on.
- 2. Simple Usage
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- For the most usual configuration, with one USB mouse and one USB keyboard,
- you'll have to load the following modules (or have them built in to the
- kernel):
- input.o
- mousedev.o
- keybdev.o
- usbcore.o
- usb-[uo]hci.o
- hid.o
- After this, the USB keyboard will work straight away, and the USB mouse
- will be available as a character device on major 13, minor 63:
- crw-r--r-- 1 root root 13, 63 Mar 28 22:45 mice
- This device, has to be created, unless you use devfs, in which case it's
- created automatically. The commands to do that are:
- cd /dev
- mkdir input
- mknod input/mice c 13 63
- After that you have to point GPM (the textmode mouse cut&paste tool) and
- XFree to this device to use it - GPM should be called like:
- gpm -t ps2 -m /dev/input/mice
- And in X:
- Section "Pointer"
- Protocol "ImPS/2"
- Device "/dev/input/mice"
- ZAxisMapping 4 5
- EndSection
- When you do all of the above, you can use your USB mouse and keyboard.
- 3. Detailed Description
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- 3.1 Device drivers
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- Device drivers are the modules that generate events. The events are
- however not useful without being handled, so you also will need to use some
- of the modules from section 3.2.
- 3.1.1 hid.c
- ~~~~~~~~~~~
- Hid.c is the largest and most complex driver of the whole suite. It
- handles all HID devices, and because there is a very wide variety of them,
- and because the USB HID specification isn't simple, it needs to be this big.
- Currently, it handles USB mice, joysticks, gamepads, steering wheels
- keyboards, trackballs and digitizers.
- However, USB uses HID also for monitor controls, speaker controls, UPSs,
- LCDs and many other purposes.
- The monitor and speaker controls should be easy to add to the hid/input
- interface, but for the UPSs and LCDs it doesn't make much sense. For this,
- the hiddev interface was designed. See Documentation/usb/hiddev.txt
- for more information about it.
- The usage of the hid.o module is very simple, it takes no parameters,
- detects everything automatically and when a HID device is inserted, it
- detects it appropriately.
- However, because the devices vary wildly, you might happen to have a
- device that doesn't work well. In that case #define DEBUG at the beginning
- of hid.c and send me the syslog traces.
- 3.1.2 usbmouse.c
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- For embedded systems, for mice with broken HID descriptors and just any
- other use when the big hid.c wouldn't be a good choice, there is the
- usbmouse.c driver. It handles USB mice only. It uses a simpler HIDBP
- protocol. This also means the mice must support this simpler protocol. Not
- all do. If you don't have any strong reason to use this module, use hid.c
- instead.
- 3.1.3 usbkbd.c
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- Much like usbmouse.c, this module talks to keyboards with a simpplified
- HIDBP protocol. It's smaller, but doesn't support any extra special keys.
- Use hid.c instead if there isn't any special reason to use this.
- 3.1.4 wacom.c
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- This is a driver for Wacom Graphire and Intuos tablets. Not for Wacom
- PenPartner, that one is handled by the HID driver. Although the Intuos and
- Graphire tablets claim that they are HID tablets as well, they are not and
- thus need this specific driver.
- 3.1.5 iforce.c
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- A driver for I-Force joysticks and wheels, both over USB and RS232.
- It includes ForceFeedback support now, even though Immersion Corp. considers
- the protocol a trade secret and won't disclose a word about it.
- 3.2 Event handlers
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- Event handlers distrubite the events from the devices to userland and
- kernel, as needed.
- 3.2.1 keybdev.c
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- Keybdev is currently a rather ugly hack that translates the input events
- into architecture-specific keyboard raw mode (Xlated AT Set2 on x86), and
- passes them into the handle_scancode function of the keyboard.c module. This
- works well enough on all architectures that keybdev can generate rawmode on,
- other architectures can be added to it.
- The right way would be to pass the events to keyboard.c directly, best if
- keyboard.c would itself be an event handler. This is done in the input
- patch, available on the webpage mentioned below.
- 3.2.2 mousedev.c
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- Mousedev is also a hack to make programs that use mouse input work. It
- takes events from either mice or digitizers/tablets and makes a PS/2-style
- (a la /dev/psaux) mouse device available to the userland. Ideally, the
- programs could use a more reasonable interface, for example evdev.c
- Mousedev devices in /dev/input (as shown above) are:
- crw-r--r-- 1 root root 13, 32 Mar 28 22:45 mouse0
- crw-r--r-- 1 root root 13, 33 Mar 29 00:41 mouse1
- crw-r--r-- 1 root root 13, 34 Mar 29 00:41 mouse2
- crw-r--r-- 1 root root 13, 35 Apr 1 10:50 mouse3
- ...
- ...
- crw-r--r-- 1 root root 13, 62 Apr 1 10:50 mouse30
- crw-r--r-- 1 root root 13, 63 Apr 1 10:50 mice
- Each 'mouse' device is assigned to a single mouse or digitizer, except the last
- one - 'mice'. This single character device is shared by all mice and
- digitizers, and even if none are connected, the device is present. This is
- useful for hotplugging USB mice, so that programs can open the device even when
- no mice are present.
- CONFIG_INPUT_MOUSEDEV_SCREEN_[XY] in the kernel configuration are the size
- of your screen (in pixels) in XFree86. This is needed if you want to use
- your digitizer in X, because it's movement is sent to X via a virtual PS/2
- mouse and thus needs to be scaled accordingly. These values won't be used if
- you use a mouse only.
- Mousedev will generate either PS/2, ImPS/2 (Microsoft IntelliMouse) or
- ExplorerPS/2 (IntelliMouse Explorer) protocols, depending on what the program
- reading the data wishes. You can set GPM and X to any of these. You'll need
- ImPS/2 if you want to make use of a wheel on a USB mouse and ExplorerPS/2 if you
- want to use extra (up to 5) buttons.
- 3.2.3 joydev.c
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- Joydev implements v0.x and v1.x Linux joystick api, much like
- drivers/char/joystick/joystick.c used to in earlier versions. See
- joystick-api.txt in the Documentation subdirectory for details. As soon as
- any joystick is connected, it can be accessed in /dev/input on:
- crw-r--r-- 1 root root 13, 0 Apr 1 10:50 js0
- crw-r--r-- 1 root root 13, 1 Apr 1 10:50 js1
- crw-r--r-- 1 root root 13, 2 Apr 1 10:50 js2
- crw-r--r-- 1 root root 13, 3 Apr 1 10:50 js3
- ...
- And so on up to js31.
- 3.2.4 evdev.c
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- Evdev is the generic input event interface. It passes the events generated
- in the kernel straight to the program, with timestamps. The API is still
- evolving, but should be useable now. It's described in section 5.
- This should be the way for GPM and X to get keyboard and mouse mouse
- events. It allows for multihead in X without any specific multihead kernel
- support. The event codes are the same on all architectures and are hardware
- independent.
- The devices are in /dev/input:
- crw-r--r-- 1 root root 13, 64 Apr 1 10:49 event0
- crw-r--r-- 1 root root 13, 65 Apr 1 10:50 event1
- crw-r--r-- 1 root root 13, 66 Apr 1 10:50 event2
- crw-r--r-- 1 root root 13, 67 Apr 1 10:50 event3
- ...
- 3. Contacts
- ~~~~~~~~~~~
- This effort has it's home page at:
- http://www.suse.cz/development/input/
- You'll find both the latest HID driver and the complete Input driver there
- as well as information how to access the CVS repository for latest revisions
- of the drivers.
- There is also a mailing list for this:
- majordomo@atrey.karlin.mff.cuni.cz
- Send "subscribe linux-input" to subscribe to it.
- 4. Verifying if it works
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- Typing a couple keys on the keyboard should be enough to check that a USB
- keyboard works and is correctly connected to the kernel keyboard driver.
- Doing a cat /dev/input/mouse0 (c, 13, 32) will verify that a mouse is also
- emulated, characters should appear if you move it.
- You can test the joystick emulation with the 'jstest' utility, available
- in the joystick package (see Documentation/joystick.txt).
- You can test the event devics with the 'evtest' utitily available on the
- input driver homepage (see the URL above).
- 5. Event interface
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- Should you want to add event device support into any application (X, gpm,
- svgalib ...) I <vojtech@suse.cz> will be happy to provide you any help I
- can. Here goes a description of the current state of things, which is going
- to be extended, but not changed incompatibly as time goes:
- You can use blocking and nonblocking reads, also select() on the
- /dev/input/eventX devices, and you'll always get a whole number of input
- events on a read. Their layout is:
- struct input_event {
- struct timeval time;
- unsigned short type;
- unsigned short code;
- unsigned int value;
- };
- 'time' is the timestamp, it returns the time at which the event happened.
- Type is for example EV_REL for relative momement, REL_KEY for a keypress or
- release. More types are defined in include/linux/input.h.
- 'code' is event code, for example REL_X or KEY_BACKSPACE, again a complete
- list is in include/linux/input.h.
- 'value' is the value the event carries. Either a relative change for
- EV_REL, absolute new value for EV_ABS (joysticks ...), or 0 for EV_KEY for
- release, 1 for keypress and 2 for autorepeat.