Assabet
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- The Intel Assabet (SA-1110 evaluation) board
- ============================================
- Please see:
- http://developer.intel.com/design/strong/quicklist/eval-plat/sa-1110.htm
- http://developer.intel.com/design/strong/guides/278278.htm
- Also some notes from John G Dorsey <jd5q@andrew.cmu.edu>:
- http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~wearable/software/assabet.html
- Building the kernel
- -------------------
- To build the kernel with current defaults:
- make assabet_config
- make oldconfig
- make dep
- make zImage
- The resulting kernel image should be available in linux/arch/arm/boot/zImage.
- Installing a bootloader
- -----------------------
- A couple of bootloaders able to boot Linux on Assabet are available:
- BLOB (http://www.lart.tudelft.nl/lartware/blob/)
- BLOB is a bootloader used within the LART project. Some contributed
- patches were merged into BLOB to add support for Assabet.
- Compaq's Bootldr + John Dorsey's patch for Assabet support
- (http://www.handhelds.org/Compaq/bootldr.html)
- (http://www.wearablegroup.org/software/bootldr/)
- Bootldr is the bootloader developed by Compaq for the iPAQ Pocket PC.
- John Dorsey has produced add-on patches to add support for Assabet and
- the JFFS filesystem.
- RedBoot (http://sources.redhat.com/redboot/)
- RedBoot is a bootloader developed by Red Hat based on the eCos RTOS
- hardware abstraction layer. It supports Assabet amongst many other
- hardware platforms.
- RedBoot is currently the recommended choice since it's the only one to have
- networking support, and is the most actively maintained.
- Brief examples on how to boot Linux with RedBoot are shown below. But first
- you need to have RedBoot installed in your flash memory. A known to work
- precompiled RedBoot binary is available from the following location:
- ftp://ftp.netwinder.org/users/n/nico/
- ftp://ftp.arm.linux.org.uk/pub/linux/arm/people/nico/
- ftp://ftp.handhelds.org/pub/linux/arm/sa-1100-patches/
- Look for redboot-assabet*.tgz. Some installation infos are provided in
- redboot-assabet*.txt.
- Initial RedBoot configuration
- -----------------------------
- The commands used here are explained in The RedBoot User's Guide available
- on-line at http://sources.redhat.com/ecos/docs-latest/redboot/redboot.html.
- Please refer to it for explanations.
- If you have a CF network card (my Assabet kit contained a CF+ LP-E from
- Socket Communications Inc.), you should strongly consider using it for TFTP
- file transfers. You must insert it before RedBoot runs since it can't detect
- it dynamically.
- To initialize the flash directory:
- fis init -f
- To initialize the non-volatile settings, like whether you want to use BOOTP or
- a static IP address, etc, use this command:
- fconfig -i
- Writing a kernel image into flash
- ---------------------------------
- First, the kernel image must be loaded into RAM. If you have the zImage file
- available on a TFTP server:
- load zImage -r -b 0x100000
- If you rather want to use Y-Modem upload over the serial port:
- load -m ymodem -r -b 0x100000
- To write it to flash:
- fis create "Linux kernel" -b 0x100000 -l 0xc0000
- Booting the kernel
- ------------------
- The kernel still requires a filesystem to boot. A ramdisk image can be loaded
- as follows:
- load ramdisk_image.gz -r -b 0x800000
- Again, Y-Modem upload can be used instead of TFTP by replacing the file name
- by '-y ymodem'.
- Now the kernel can be retrieved from flash like this:
- fis load "Linux kernel"
- or loaded as described previously. To boot the kernel:
- exec -b 0x100000 -l 0xc0000
- The ramdisk image could be stored into flash as well, but there are better
- solutions for on-flash filesystems as mentioned below.
- Using JFFS2
- -----------
- Using JFFS2 (the Second Journalling Flash File System) is probably the most
- convenient way to store a writable filesystem into flash. JFFS2 is used in
- conjunction with the MTD layer which is responsible for low-level flash
- management. More information on the Linux MTD can be found on-line at:
- http://www.linux-mtd.infradead.org/. A JFFS howto with some infos about
- creating JFFS/JFFS2 images is available from the same site.
- For instance, a sample JFFS2 image can be retrieved from the same FTP sites
- mentioned below for the precompiled RedBoot image.
- To load this file:
- load sample_img.jffs2 -r -b 0x100000
- The result should look like:
- RedBoot> load sample_img.jffs2 -r -b 0x100000
- Raw file loaded 0x00100000-0x00377424
- Now we must know the size of the unallocated flash:
- fis free
- Result:
- RedBoot> fis free
- 0x500E0000 .. 0x503C0000
- The values above may be different depending on the size of the filesystem and
- the type of flash. See their usage below as an example and take care of
- substituting yours appropriately.
- We must determine some values:
- size of unallocated flash: 0x503c0000 - 0x500e0000 = 0x2e0000
- size of the filesystem image: 0x00377424 - 0x00100000 = 0x277424
- We want to fit the filesystem image of course, but we also want to give it all
- the remaining flash space as well. To write it:
- fis unlock -f 0x500E0000 -l 0x2e0000
- fis erase -f 0x500E0000 -l 0x2e0000
- fis write -b 0x100000 -l 0x277424 -f 0x500E0000
- fis create "JFFS2" -n -f 0x500E0000 -l 0x2e0000
- Now the filesystem is associated to a MTD "partition" once Linux has discovered
- what they are in the boot process. From Redboot, the 'fis list' command
- displays them:
- RedBoot> fis list
- Name FLASH addr Mem addr Length Entry point
- RedBoot 0x50000000 0x50000000 0x00020000 0x00000000
- RedBoot config 0x503C0000 0x503C0000 0x00020000 0x00000000
- FIS directory 0x503E0000 0x503E0000 0x00020000 0x00000000
- Linux kernel 0x50020000 0x00100000 0x000C0000 0x00000000
- JFFS2 0x500E0000 0x500E0000 0x002E0000 0x00000000
- However Linux should display something like:
- SA1100 flash: probing 32-bit flash bus
- SA1100 flash: Found 2 x16 devices at 0x0 in 32-bit mode
- Using RedBoot partition definition
- Creating 5 MTD partitions on "SA1100 flash":
- 0x00000000-0x00020000 : "RedBoot"
- 0x00020000-0x000e0000 : "Linux kernel"
- 0x000e0000-0x003c0000 : "JFFS2"
- 0x003c0000-0x003e0000 : "RedBoot config"
- 0x003e0000-0x00400000 : "FIS directory"
- What's important here is the position of the partition we are interested in,
- which is the third one. Within Linux, this correspond to /dev/mtdblock2.
- Therefore to boot Linux with the kernel and its root filesystem in flash, we
- need this RedBoot command:
- fis load "Linux kernel"
- exec -b 0x100000 -l 0xc0000 -c "root=/dev/mtdblock2"
- Of course other filesystems than JFFS might be used, like cramfs for example.
- You might want to boot with a root filesystem over NFS, etc. It is also
- possible, and sometimes more convenient, to flash a filesystem directly from
- within Linux while booted from a ramdisk or NFS. The Linux MTD repository has
- many tools to deal with flash memory as well, to erase it for example. JFFS2
- can then be mounted directly on a freshly erased partition and files can be
- copied over directly. Etc...
- RedBoot scripting
- -----------------
- All the commands above aren't so useful if they have to be typed in every
- time the Assabet is rebooted. Therefore it's possible to automatize the boot
- process using RedBoot's scripting capability.
- For example, I use this to boot Linux with both the kernel and the ramdisk
- images retrieved from a TFTP server on the network:
- RedBoot> fconfig
- Run script at boot: false true
- Boot script:
- Enter script, terminate with empty line
- >> load zImage -r -b 0x100000
- >> load ramdisk_ks.gz -r -b 0x800000
- >> exec -b 0x100000 -l 0xc0000
- >>
- Boot script timeout (1000ms resolution): 3
- Use BOOTP for network configuration: true
- GDB connection port: 9000
- Network debug at boot time: false
- Update RedBoot non-volatile configuration - are you sure (y/n)? y
- Then, rebooting the Assabet is just a matter of waiting for the login prompt.
- Nicolas Pitre
- nico@cam.org
- June 12, 2001
- Status of peripherals in -rmk tree (updated 14/10/2001)
- -------------------------------------------------------
- Assabet:
- Serial ports:
- Radio: TX, RX, CTS, DSR, DCD, RI
- PM: Not tested.
- COM: TX, RX, CTS, DSR, DCD, RTS, DTR, PM
- PM: Not tested.
- I2C: Implemented, not fully tested.
- L3: Fully tested, pass.
- PM: Not tested.
- Video:
- LCD: Fully tested. PM
- (LCD doesn't like being blanked with
- neponset connected)
- Video out: Not fully
- Audio:
- UDA1341:
- Playback: Fully tested, pass.
- Record: Implemented, not tested.
- PM: Not tested.
- UCB1200:
- Audio play: Implemented, not heavily tested.
- Audio rec: Implemented, not heavily tested.
- Telco audio play: Implemented, not heavily tested.
- Telco audio rec: Implemented, not heavily tested.
- POTS control: No
- Touchscreen: Yes
- PM: Not tested.
- Other:
- PCMCIA:
- LPE: Fully tested, pass.
- USB: No
- IRDA:
- SIR: Fully tested, pass.
- FIR: Fully tested, pass.
- PM: Not tested.
- Neponset:
- Serial ports:
- COM1,2: TX, RX, CTS, DSR, DCD, RTS, DTR
- PM: Not tested.
- USB: Implemented, not heavily tested.
- PCMCIA: Implemented, not heavily tested.
- PM: Not tested.
- CF: Implemented, not heavily tested.
- PM: Not tested.
- More stuff can be found in the -np (Nicolas Pitre's) tree.