dev-interface
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上传日期:2013-04-10
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- Usually, i2c devices are controlled by a kernel driver. But it is also
- possible to access all devices on an adapter from userspace, through
- the /dev interface. You need to load module i2c-dev for this.
- Each registered i2c adapter gets a number, counting from 0. You can
- examine /proc/bus/i2c to see what number corresponds to which adapter.
- I2C device files are character device files with major device number 89
- and a minor device number corresponding to the number assigned as
- explained above. They should be called "i2c-%d" (i2c-0, i2c-1, ...,
- i2c-10, ...). All 256 minor device numbers are reserved for i2c.
- C example
- =========
- So let's say you want to access an i2c adapter from a C program. The
- first thing to do is `#include <linux/i2c.h>" and "#include <linux/i2c-dev.h>.
- Yes, I know, you should never include kernel header files, but until glibc
- knows about i2c, there is not much choice.
- Now, you have to decide which adapter you want to access. You should
- inspect /proc/bus/i2c to decide this. Adapter numbers are assigned
- somewhat dynamically, so you can not even assume /dev/i2c-0 is the
- first adapter.
- Next thing, open the device file, as follows:
- int file;
- int adapter_nr = 2; /* probably dynamically determined */
- char filename[20];
-
- sprintf(filename,"/dev/i2c-%d",adapter_nr);
- if ((file = open(filename,O_RDWR)) < 0) {
- /* ERROR HANDLING; you can check errno to see what went wrong */
- exit(1);
- }
- When you have opened the device, you must specify with what device
- address you want to communicate:
- int addr = 0x40; /* The I2C address */
- if (ioctl(file,I2C_SLAVE,addr) < 0) {
- /* ERROR HANDLING; you can check errno to see what went wrong */
- exit(1);
- }
- Well, you are all set up now. You can now use SMBus commands or plain
- I2C to communicate with your device. SMBus commands are preferred if
- the device supports them. Both are illustrated below.
- __u8 register = 0x10; /* Device register to access */
- __s32 res;
- char buf[10];
- /* Using SMBus commands */
- res = i2c_smbus_read_word_data(file,register);
- if (res < 0) {
- /* ERROR HANDLING: i2c transaction failed */
- } else {
- /* res contains the read word */
- }
- /* Using I2C Write, equivalent of
- i2c_smbus_write_word_data(file,register,0x6543) */
- buf[0] = register;
- buf[1] = 0x43;
- buf[2] = 0x65;
- if ( write(file,buf,3) != 3) {
- /* ERROR HANDLING: i2c transaction failed */
- }
- /* Using I2C Read, equivalent of i2c_smbus_read_byte(file) */
- if (read(file,buf,1) != 1) {
- /* ERROR HANDLING: i2c transaction failed */
- } else {
- /* buf[0] contains the read byte */
- }
- IMPORTANT: because of the use of inline functions, you *have* to use
- '-O' or some variation when you compile your program!
- Full interface description
- ==========================
- The following IOCTLs are defined and fully supported
- (see also i2c-dev.h and i2c.h):
- ioctl(file,I2C_SLAVE,long addr)
- Change slave address. The address is passed in the 7 lower bits of the
- argument (except for 10 bit addresses, passed in the 10 lower bits in this
- case).
- ioctl(file,I2C_TENBIT,long select)
- Selects ten bit addresses if select not equals 0, selects normal 7 bit
- addresses if select equals 0.
- ioctl(file,I2C_FUNCS,unsigned long *funcs)
- Gets the adapter functionality and puts it in *funcs.
- ioctl(file,I2C_RDWR,struct i2c_ioctl_rdwr_data *msgset)
- Do combined read/write transaction without stop in between.
- The argument is a pointer to a struct i2c_ioctl_rdwr_data {
- struct i2c_msg *msgs; /* ptr to array of simple messages */
- int nmsgs; /* number of messages to exchange */
- }
- The msgs[] themselves contain further pointers into data buffers.
- The function will write or read data to or from that buffers depending
- on whether the I2C_M_RD flag is set in a particular message or not.
- The slave address and whether to use ten bit address mode has to be
- set in each message, overriding the values set with the above ioctl's.
- Other values are NOT supported at this moment, except for I2C_SMBUS,
- which you should never directly call; instead, use the access functions
- below.
- You can do plain i2c transactions by using read(2) and write(2) calls.
- You do not need to pass the address byte; instead, set it through
- ioctl I2C_SLAVE before you try to access the device.
- You can do SMBus level transactions (see documentation file smbus-protocol
- for details) through the following functions:
- __s32 i2c_smbus_write_quick(int file, __u8 value);
- __s32 i2c_smbus_read_byte(int file);
- __s32 i2c_smbus_write_byte(int file, __u8 value);
- __s32 i2c_smbus_read_byte_data(int file, __u8 command);
- __s32 i2c_smbus_write_byte_data(int file, __u8 command, __u8 value);
- __s32 i2c_smbus_read_word_data(int file, __u8 command);
- __s32 i2c_smbus_write_word_data(int file, __u8 command, __u16 value);
- __s32 i2c_smbus_process_call(int file, __u8 command, __u16 value);
- __s32 i2c_smbus_read_block_data(int file, __u8 command, __u8 *values);
- __s32 i2c_smbus_write_block_data(int file, __u8 command, __u8 length,
- __u8 *values);
- All these transactions return -1 on failure; you can read errno to see
- what happened. The 'write' transactions return 0 on success; the
- 'read' transactions return the read value, except for read_block, which
- returns the number of values read. The block buffers need not be longer
- than 32 bytes.
- The above functions are all macros, that resolve to calls to the
- i2c_smbus_access function, that on its turn calls a specific ioctl
- with the data in a specific format. Read the source code if you
- want to know what happens behind the screens.