binfmt_misc.txt
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- Kernel Support for miscellaneous (your favourite) Binary Formats v1.1
- =====================================================================
- This Kernel feature allows you to invoke almost (for restrictions see below)
- every program by simply typing its name in the shell.
- This includes for example compiled Java(TM), Python or Emacs programs.
- To achieve this you must tell binfmt_misc which interpreter has to be invoked
- with which binary. Binfmt_misc recognises the binary-type by matching some bytes
- at the beginning of the file with a magic byte sequence (masking out specified
- bits) you have supplied. Binfmt_misc can also recognise a filename extension
- aka '.com' or '.exe'.
- To actually register a new binary type, you have to set up a string looking like
- :name:type:offset:magic:mask:interpreter: (where you can choose the ':' upon
- your needs) and echo it to /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register.
- Here is what the fields mean:
- - 'name' is an identifier string. A new /proc file will be created with this
- name below /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc
- - 'type' is the type of recognition. Give 'M' for magic and 'E' for extension.
- - 'offset' is the offset of the magic/mask in the file, counted in bytes. This
- defaults to 0 if you omit it (i.e. you write ':name:type::magic...')
- - 'magic' is the byte sequence binfmt_misc is matching for. The magic string
- may contain hex-encoded characters like x0a or xA4. In a shell environment
- you will have to write \x0a to prevent the shell from eating your .
- If you chose filename extension matching, this is the extension to be
- recognised (without the '.', the x0a specials are not allowed). Extension
- matching is case sensitive!
- - 'mask' is an (optional, defaults to all 0xff) mask. You can mask out some
- bits from matching by supplying a string like magic and as long as magic.
- The mask is anded with the byte sequence of the file.
- - 'interpreter' is the program that should be invoked with the binary as first
- argument (specify the full path)
- There are some restrictions:
- - the whole register string may not exceed 255 characters
- - the magic must reside in the first 128 bytes of the file, i.e.
- offset+size(magic) has to be less than 128
- - the interpreter string may not exceed 127 characters
- You may want to add the binary formats in one of your /etc/rc scripts during
- boot-up. Read the manual of your init program to figure out how to do this
- right.
- Think about the order of adding entries! Later added entries are matched first!
- A few examples (assumed you are in /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc):
- - enable support for em86 (like binfmt_em86, for Alpha AXP only):
- echo ':i386:M::x7fELFx01x00x00x00x00x00x00x00x00x00x00x00x02x00x03:xffxffxffxffxffxfexfexffxffxffxffxffxffxffxffxffxfbxffxff:/bin/em86:' > register
- echo ':i486:M::x7fELFx01x00x00x00x00x00x00x00x00x00x00x00x02x00x06:xffxffxffxffxffxfexfexffxffxffxffxffxffxffxffxffxfbxffxff:/bin/em86:' > register
- - enable support for packed DOS applications (pre-configured dosemu hdimages):
- echo ':DEXE:M::x0eDEX::/usr/bin/dosexec:' > register
- - enable support for Windows executables using wine:
- echo ':DOSWin:M::MZ::/usr/local/bin/wine:' > register
- For java support see Documentation/java.txt
- You can enable/disable binfmt_misc or one binary type by echoing 0 (to disable)
- or 1 (to enable) to /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/status or /proc/.../the_name.
- Catting the file tells you the current status of binfmt_misc/the entry.
- You can remove one entry or all entries by echoing -1 to /proc/.../the_name
- or /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/status.
- HINTS:
- ======
- If you want to pass special arguments to your interpreter, you can
- write a wrapper script for it. See Documentation/java.txt for an
- example.
- Your interpreter should NOT look in the PATH for the filename; the
- kernel passes it the full filename to use. Using the PATH can cause
- unexpected behaviour and be a security hazard.
- There is a web page about binfmt_misc at
- http://www.tat.physik.uni-tuebingen.de/~rguenth/linux/binfmt_misc.html
- Richard G黱ther <rguenth@tat.physik.uni-tuebingen.de>