mca.txt
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- i386 Micro Channel Architecture Support
- =======================================
- MCA support is enabled using the CONFIG_MCA define. A machine with a MCA
- bus will have the kernel variable MCA_bus set, assuming the BIOS feature
- bits are set properly (see arch/i386/boot/setup.S for information on
- how this detection is done).
- Adapter Detection
- =================
- The ideal MCA adapter detection is done through the use of the
- Programmable Option Select registers. Generic functions for doing
- this have been added in include/linux/mca.h and arch/i386/kernel/mca.c.
- Everything needed to detect adapters and read (and write) configuration
- information is there. A number of MCA-specific drivers already use
- this. The typical probe code looks like the following:
- #include <linux/mca.h>
- unsigned char pos2, pos3, pos4, pos5;
- struct net_device* dev;
- int slot;
- if( MCA_bus ) {
- slot = mca_find_adapter( ADAPTER_ID, 0 );
- if( slot == MCA_NOTFOUND ) {
- return -ENODEV;
- }
- /* optional - see below */
- mca_set_adapter_name( slot, "adapter name & description" );
- mca_set_adapter_procfn( slot, dev_getinfo, dev );
- /* read the POS registers. Most devices only use 2 and 3 */
- pos2 = mca_read_stored_pos( slot, 2 );
- pos3 = mca_read_stored_pos( slot, 3 );
- pos4 = mca_read_stored_pos( slot, 4 );
- pos5 = mca_read_stored_pos( slot, 5 );
- } else {
- return -ENODEV;
- }
- /* extract configuration from pos[2345] and set everything up */
- Loadable modules should modify this to test that the specified IRQ and
- IO ports (plus whatever other stuff) match. See 3c523.c for example
- code (actually, smc-mca.c has a slightly more complex example that can
- handle a list of adapter ids).
- Keep in mind that devices should never directly access the POS registers
- (via inb(), outb(), etc). While it's generally safe, there is a small
- potential for blowing up hardware when it's done at the wrong time.
- Furthermore, accessing a POS register disables a device temporarily.
- This is usually okay during startup, but do _you_ want to rely on it?
- During initial configuration, mca_init() reads all the POS registers
- into memory. mca_read_stored_pos() accesses that data. mca_read_pos()
- and mca_write_pos() are also available for (safer) direct POS access,
- but their use is _highly_ discouraged. mca_write_pos() is particularly
- dangerous, as it is possible for adapters to be put in inconsistent
- states (i.e. sharing IO address, etc) and may result in crashes, toasted
- hardware, and blindness.
- User level drivers (such as the AGX X server) can use /proc/mca/pos to
- find adapters (see below).
- Some MCA adapters can also be detected via the usual ISA-style device
- probing (many SCSI adapters, for example). This sort of thing is highly
- discouraged. Perfectly good information is available telling you what's
- there, so there's no excuse for messing with random IO ports. However,
- we MCA people still appreciate any ISA-style driver that will work with
- our hardware. You take what you can get...
- Level-Triggered Interrupts
- ==========================
- Because MCA uses level-triggered interrupts, a few problems arise with
- what might best be described as the ISA mindset and its effects on
- drivers. These sorts of problems are expected to become less common as
- more people use shared IRQs on PCI machines.
- In general, an interrupt must be acknowledged not only at the ICU (which
- is done automagically by the kernel), but at the device level. In
- particular, IRQ 0 must be reset after a timer interrupt (now done in
- arch/i386/kernel/time.c) or the first timer interrupt hangs the system.
- There were also problems with the 1.3.x floppy drivers, but that seems
- to have been fixed.
- IRQs are also shareable, and most MCA-specific devices should be coded
- with shared IRQs in mind.
- /proc/mca
- =========
- /proc/mca is a directory containing various files for adapters and
- other stuff.
- /proc/mca/pos Straight listing of POS registers
- /proc/mca/slot[1-8] Information on adapter in specific slot
- /proc/mca/video Same for integrated video
- /proc/mca/scsi Same for integrated SCSI
- /proc/mca/machine Machine information
- See Appendix A for a sample.
- Device drivers can easily add their own information function for
- specific slots (including integrated ones) via the
- mca_set_adapter_procfn() call. Drivers that support this are ESDI, IBM
- SCSI, and 3c523. If a device is also a module, make sure that the proc
- function is removed in the module cleanup. This will require storing
- the slot information in a private structure somewhere. See the 3c523
- driver for details.
- Your typical proc function will look something like this:
- static int
- dev_getinfo( char* buf, int slot, void* d ) {
- struct net_device* dev = (struct net_device*) d;
- int len = 0;
- len += sprintf( buf+len, "Device: %sn", dev->name );
- len += sprintf( buf+len, "IRQ: %dn", dev->irq );
- len += sprintf( buf+len, "IO Port: %#lx-%#lxn", ... );
- ...
- return len;
- }
- Some of the standard MCA information will already be printed, so don't
- bother repeating it. Don't try putting in more than 3K of information.
- Enable this function with:
- mca_set_adapter_procfn( slot, dev_getinfo, dev );
- Disable it with:
- mca_set_adapter_procfn( slot, NULL, NULL );
- It is also recommended that, even if you don't write a proc function, to
- set the name of the adapter (i.e. "PS/2 ESDI Controller") via
- mca_set_adapter_name( int slot, char* name ).
- MCA Device Drivers
- ==================
- Currently, there are a number of MCA-specific device drivers.
- 1) PS/2 ESDI
- drivers/block/ps2esdi.c
- include/linux/ps2esdi.h
- Uses major number 36, and should use /dev files /dev/eda, /dev/edb.
- Supports two drives, but only one controller. May use the
- command-line args "ed=cyl,head,sec" and "tp720".
- 2) PS/2 SCSI
- drivers/scsi/ibmmca.c
- drivers/scsi/ibmmca.h
- The driver for the IBM SCSI subsystem. Includes both integrated
- controllers and adapter cards. May require command-line arg
- "ibmmcascsi=io_port" to force detection of an adapter. If you have a
- machine with a front-panel display (i.e. model 95), you can use
- "ibmmcascsi=display" to enable a drive activity indicator.
- 3) 3c523
- drivers/net/3c523.c
- drivers/net/3c523.h
- 3Com 3c523 Etherlink/MC ethernet driver.
- 4) SMC Ultra/MCA and IBM Adapter/A
- drivers/net/smc-mca.c
- drivers/net/smc-mca.h
- Driver for the MCA version of the SMC Ultra and various other
- OEM'ed and work-alike cards (Elite, Adapter/A, etc).
- 5) NE/2
- driver/net/ne2.c
- driver/net/ne2.h
- The NE/2 is the MCA version of the NE2000. This may not work
- with clones that have a different adapter id than the original
- NE/2.
- 6) Future Domain MCS-600/700, OEM'd IBM Fast SCSI Aapter/A and
- Reply Sound Blaster/SCSI (SCSI part)
- Better support for these cards than the driver for ISA.
- Supports multiple cards with IRQ sharing.
- Also added boot time option of scsi-probe, which can do reordering of
- SCSI host adapters. This will direct the kernel on the order which
- SCSI adapter should be detected. Example:
- scsi-probe=ibmmca,fd_mcs,adaptec1542,buslogic
- The serial drivers were modified to support the extended IO port range
- of the typical MCA system (also #ifdef CONFIG_MCA).
- The following devices work with existing drivers:
- 1) Token-ring
- 2) Future Domain SCSI (MCS-600, MCS-700, not MCS-350, OEM'ed IBM SCSI)
- 3) Adaptec 1640 SCSI (using the aha1542 driver)
- 4) Bustek/Buslogic SCSI (various)
- 5) Probably all Arcnet cards.
- 6) Some, possibly all, MCA IDE controllers.
- 7) 3Com 3c529 (MCA version of 3c509) (patched)
- 8) Intel EtherExpressMC (patched version)
- You need to have CONFIG_MCA defined to have EtherExpressMC support.
- 9) Reply Sound Blaster/SCSI (SB part) (patched version)
- Bugs & Other Weirdness
- ======================
- NMIs tend to occur with MCA machines because of various hardware
- weirdness, bus timeouts, and many other non-critical things. Some basic
- code to handle them (inspired by the NetBSD MCA code) has been added to
- detect the guilty device, but it's pretty incomplete. If NMIs are a
- persistent problem (on some model 70 or 80s, they occur every couple
- shell commands), the CONFIG_IGNORE_NMI flag will take care of that.
- Various Pentium machines have had serious problems with the FPU test in
- bugs.h. Basically, the machine hangs after the HLT test. This occurs,
- as far as we know, on the Pentium-equipped 85s, 95s, and some PC Servers.
- The PCI/MCA PC 750s are fine as far as I can tell. The ``mca-pentium''
- boot-prompt flag will disable the FPU bug check if this is a problem
- with your machine.
- The model 80 has a raft of problems that are just too weird and unique
- to get into here. Some people have no trouble while others have nothing
- but problems. I'd suspect some problems are related to the age of the
- average 80 and accompanying hardware deterioration, although others
- are definitely design problems with the hardware. Among the problems
- include SCSI controller problems, ESDI controller problems, and serious
- screw-ups in the floppy controller. Oh, and the parallel port is also
- pretty flaky. There were about 5 or 6 different model 80 motherboards
- produced to fix various obscure problems. As far as I know, it's pretty
- much impossible to tell which bugs a particular model 80 has (other than
- triggering them, that is).
- Drivers are required for some MCA memory adapters. If you're suddenly
- short a few megs of RAM, this might be the reason. The (I think) Enhanced
- Memory Adapter commonly found on the model 70 is one. There's a very
- alpha driver floating around, but it's pretty ugly (disassembled from
- the DOS driver, actually). See the MCA Linux web page (URL below)
- for more current memory info.
- The Thinkpad 700 and 720 will work, but various components are either
- non-functional, flaky, or we don't know anything about them. The
- graphics controller is supposed to be some WD, but we can't get things
- working properly. The PCMCIA slots don't seem to work. Ditto for APM.
- The serial ports work, but detection seems to be flaky.
- Credits
- =======
- A whole pile of people have contributed to the MCA code. I'd include
- their names here, but I don't have a list handy. Check the MCA Linux
- home page (URL below) for a perpetually out-of-date list.
- =====================================================================
- MCA Linux Home Page: http://glycerine.itsmm.uni.edu/mca/
- Christophe Beauregard
- chrisb@truespectra.com
- cpbeaure@calum.csclub.uwaterloo.ca
- =====================================================================
- Appendix A: Sample /proc/mca
- This is from my model 8595. Slot 1 contains the standard IBM SCSI
- adapter, slot 3 is an Adaptec AHA-1640, slot 5 is a XGA-1 video adapter,
- and slot 7 is the 3c523 Etherlink/MC.
- /proc/mca/machine:
- Model Id: 0xf8
- Submodel Id: 0x14
- BIOS Revision: 0x5
- /proc/mca/pos:
- Slot 1: ff 8e f1 fc a0 ff ff ff IBM SCSI Adapter w/Cache
- Slot 2: ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
- Slot 3: 1f 0f 81 3b bf b6 ff ff
- Slot 4: ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
- Slot 5: db 8f 1d 5e fd c0 00 00
- Slot 6: ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
- Slot 7: 42 60 ff 08 ff ff ff ff 3Com 3c523 Etherlink/MC
- Slot 8: ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
- Video : ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
- SCSI : ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
- /proc/mca/slot1:
- Slot: 1
- Adapter Name: IBM SCSI Adapter w/Cache
- Id: 8eff
- Enabled: Yes
- POS: ff 8e f1 fc a0 ff ff ff
- Subsystem PUN: 7
- Detected at boot: Yes
- /proc/mca/slot3:
- Slot: 3
- Adapter Name: Unknown
- Id: 0f1f
- Enabled: Yes
- POS: 1f 0f 81 3b bf b6 ff ff
- /proc/mca/slot5:
- Slot: 5
- Adapter Name: Unknown
- Id: 8fdb
- Enabled: Yes
- POS: db 8f 1d 5e fd c0 00 00
- /proc/mca/slot7:
- Slot: 7
- Adapter Name: 3Com 3c523 Etherlink/MC
- Id: 6042
- Enabled: Yes
- POS: 42 60 ff 08 ff ff ff ff
- Revision: 0xe
- IRQ: 9
- IO Address: 0x3300-0x3308
- Memory: 0xd8000-0xdbfff
- Transceiver: External
- Device: eth0
- Hardware Address: 02 60 8c 45 c4 2a