STDIO.3
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- STDIO(3) Minix Programmer's Manual STDIO(3)
- NAME
- stdio - standard buffered input/output package
- SYNOPSIS
- #include <stdio.h>
- FILE *stdin;
- FILE *stdout;
- FILE *stderr;
- DESCRIPTION
- The functions in the standard I/O library constitute a user-level
- buffering scheme. The in-line macros getc and putc(3) handle characters
- quickly. The higher level routines gets, fgets, scanf, fscanf, fread,
- puts, fputs, printf, fprintf, fwrite all use getc and putc; they can be
- freely intermixed.
- A file with associated buffering is called a stream, and is declared to
- be a pointer to a defined type FILE. Fopen(3) creates certain
- descriptive data for a stream and returns a pointer to designate the
- stream in all further transactions. There are three normally open
- streams with constant pointers declared in the include file and
- associated with the standard open files:
- stdin standard input file
- stdout standard output file
- stderr standard error file
- A constant `pointer' NULL (0) designates no stream at all.
- An integer constant EOF (-1) is returned upon end of file or error by
- integer functions that deal with streams.
- Any routine that uses the standard input/output package must include the
- header file <stdio.h> of pertinent macro definitions. The functions and
- constants mentioned in the standard I/O manual pages are declared in the
- include file and need no further declaration. The constants, and the
- following `functions' are implemented as macros; redeclaration of these
- names is perilous: clearerr, getc, getchar, putc, putchar, feof, ferror,
- fileno.
- SEE ALSO
- open(2), close(2), read(2), write(2), fclose(3), ferror(3), fopen(3),
- fread(3), fseek(3), getc(3), gets(3), printf(3), putc(3), puts(3),
- scanf(3), setbuf(3), ungetc(3).
- 4BSD May 13, 1986 1
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- STDIO(3) Minix Programmer's Manual STDIO(3)
- DIAGNOSTICS
- The value EOF is returned uniformly to indicate that a FILE pointer has
- not been initialized with fopen, input (output) has been attempted on an
- output (input) stream, or a FILE pointer designates corrupt or otherwise
- unintelligible FILE data.
- For purposes of efficiency, this implementation of the standard library
- has been changed to line buffer output to a terminal by default and
- attempts to do this transparently by flushing the output whenever a
- read(2) from the standard input is necessary. This is almost always
- transparent, but may cause confusion or malfunctioning of programs which
- use standard i/o routines but use read(2) themselves to read from the
- standard input.
- In cases where a large amount of computation is done after printing part
- of a line on an output terminal, it is necessary to fflush(3) the
- standard output before going off and computing so that the output will
- appear.
- BUGS
- The standard buffered functions do not interact well with certain other
- library and system functions, especially fork and abort.
- LIST OF FUNCTIONS
- Name Appears on Page Description
- clearerr ferror(3) stream status inquiries
- fclose fclose(3) close or flush a stream
- fdopen fopen(3) open a stream
- feof ferror(3) stream status inquiries
- ferror ferror(3) stream status inquiries
- fflush fclose(3) close or flush a stream
- fgetc getc(3) get character or word from stream
- fgets gets(3) get a string from a stream
- fileno ferror(3) stream status inquiries
- fopen fopen(3) open a stream
- fprintf printf(3) formatted output conversion
- fputc putc(3) put character or word on a stream
- fputs puts(3) put a string on a stream
- fread fread(3) buffered binary input/output
- freopen fopen(3) open a stream
- fscanf scanf(3) formatted input conversion
- fseek fseek(3) reposition a stream
- ftell fseek(3) reposition a stream
- fwrite fread(3) buffered binary input/output
- getc getc(3) get character or word from stream
- getchar getc(3) get character or word from stream
- gets gets(3) get a string from a stream
- 4BSD May 13, 1986 2
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- STDIO(3) Minix Programmer's Manual STDIO(3)
- getw getc(3) get character or word from stream
- printf printf(3) formatted output conversion
- putc putc(3) put character or word on a stream
- putchar putc(3) put character or word on a stream
- puts puts(3) put a string on a stream
- putw putc(3) put character or word on a stream
- rewind fseek(3) reposition a stream
- scanf scanf(3) formatted input conversion
- setbuf setbuf(3) assign buffering to a stream
- setvbuf setbuf(3) assign buffering to a stream
- snprintf printf(3) formatted output conversion
- sprintf printf(3) formatted output conversion
- sscanf scanf(3) formatted input conversion
- ungetc ungetc(3) push character back into input stream
- vfprintf printf(3) formatted output conversion
- vfscanf scanf(3) formatted input conversion
- vprintf printf(3) formatted output conversion
- vscanf scanf(3) formatted input conversion
- vsnprintf printf(3) formatted output conversion
- vsprintf printf(3) formatted output conversion
- vsscanf scanf(3) formatted input conversion
- 4BSD May 13, 1986 3
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