REMSYNC.1
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上传日期:2007-01-18
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- .TH REMSYNC 1
- .SH NAME
- remsync - remotely synchronize file trees
- .SH SYNOPSIS
- .B remsync
- .B -sxv
- .I tree
- .RI [ state-file ]
- .br
- .B remsync
- .B -duxvD
- .I tree
- .RI [ state-file
- .RI [ diff-file ]]
- .br
- .B remsync
- .RB [ -xv ]
- .I tree
- .RI [ diff-file ]
- .SH DESCRIPTION
- .de SP
- .if t .sp 0.4
- .if n .sp
- ..
- .B Remsync
- synchronizes file trees of distant machines, i.e. machines that do not have
- a fast network between them. It accomplishes this in three steps:
- .PP
- .RS
- Create a state file containing a description of the machine to be updated.
- .RE
- .PP
- .RS
- Compute a file of differences on the source machine using the state file to
- compare the two file trees.
- .RE
- .PP
- .RS
- Update the target machine using the data in the differences file.
- .RE
- .PP
- This process requires that you move two files, a state file from the target
- machine to the source machine, and a differences file from the source
- machine to the target machine. The state file is an ASCII file that may be
- edited, usually to make
- .B remsync
- ignore some files or file trees.
- .PP
- The argument
- .I tree
- may be a single file or a directory. A directory is traversed recursively.
- The
- .I state-file
- and
- .I diff-file
- arguments may be of any file type. The differences file contains an end
- marker, so it may be followed by trailing junk. Standard input or
- output is used if these arguments are omitted or replaced by a minus
- sign.
- .SS "State file format"
- A state file has a line for each file in a tree. A line looks like this
- formally for a simple file:
- .PP
- .RS
- .I "name mode owner group length date"
- .RI [ link-number
- .RB [ last ]]
- .RE
- .PP
- The best way to show how each type of file is represented is by example:
- .PP
- .RS
- .nf
- .ta +10 +8 +4 +4 +6 +12 +4
- / d755 0 0
- bin d755 2 0
- .in +2
- [ 644 2 0 233 759160857 1
- cat 755 2 0 3772 768742021
- test 755 2 0 233 759160857 1 last
- .in -2
- dev d755 0 0
- .in +2
- fd0 b666 0 0 200
- console c600 10 0 400
- sd2 b600 0 0 a02
- fifo p700 2 0
- .in -2
- opt -> usr/opt
- usr ignore (Cross-device link)
- .fi
- .RE
- .PP
- The root of the tree is always represented by a /, no matter what type of
- file it may be. Directory entries of the root follow at the same level.
- Files in subdirectories are indented by two spaces. (Eight spaces are
- replaced by a TAB.) Normal files have their length and modified time in the
- state file, devices have their device number in hex, etc. If files are hard
- linked to each other then they all get an extra "link number" to bind them
- together. The last link is marked with the word
- .BR last .
- .PP
- One usually only modifies a state file to ignore differences between two
- files. One does this by replacing the file attributes with the word
- .BR ignore .
- .RB ( Remsync
- generates this keyword too, with the reason why added in parentheses.)
- .SH OPTIONS
- .TP
- .B -s
- Generate a state file.
- .TP
- .B -d
- Generate a differences file. (The default is to apply a differences file.)
- .TP
- .B -u
- Only add new files or update files with newer versions.
- .TP
- .B -x
- Do not cross device boundaries. This allows one to operate on the root file
- system for instance ignoring the
- .B /usr
- file system.
- .TP
- .B -D
- Debug differences file generation. With this flag no file contents are
- added to the differences file. The result is then human readable.
- .TP
- .B -v
- Lists the commands added to the differences file, or the actions done
- applying a differences file. The output looks like s-2UNIXs+2 commands
- except for the words "add", "restore" and "update" indicating addition of a
- new file, replacing a file with an older version, or replacement by a newer
- version.
- .SH EXAMPLES
- Actions taken by the author to update his notebook "finiah" from his main
- machine "darask":
- .PP
- .RS
- .nf
- finiah# remsync -s /usr /tmp/finiah.state
- .SP
- Edit the state file to ignore .Xauthority files and /usr/var.
- .SP
- finiah# tar cvf /dev/fd0 /tmp/finiah.state
- .SP
- darask# tar xvf /dev/fd0
- .br
- darask# remsync -dv /usr /tmp/finiah.state | vol 1440 /dev/fd0
- .SP
- finiah# vol 1440 /dev/fd0 | remsync -v /usr
- .fi
- .RE
- .PP
- One could add a file compression/decompression program between
- .B remsync
- and
- .BR vol ,
- to reduce the number of floppies to move about, but that actually slows
- things down! (Note that one only needs to shuffle two floppies about if the
- two machines are adjacent. To update a remote machine it does make sense to
- use compression to reduce the number of floppies to carry.)
- .SH "SEE ALSO"
- .BR synctree (1),
- .BR vol (1),
- .BR tar (1).
- .SH NOTES
- Nothing stops you from using
- .B remsync
- over a fast network of course.
- .B Synctree
- can be a bit tedious if you only want to ignore a few files. Editing a
- state file is then easier.
- .SH BUGS
- Files are overwritten, not removed, when they are updated. This means
- that links outside the tree are also updated. The less desirable
- alternative to this is to break the link before the update.
- .PP
- The verbose option may say that a link is to be created when making a
- differences file. The link is often already there when the update takes
- place, so no action is taken, and thus no talk about it. So you may miss a
- few mutterings about links if you compare the messages.
- .SH AUTHOR
- Kees J. Bot (kjb@cs.vu.nl)