LS.1
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上传日期:2007-01-18
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- .TH LS 1
- .SH NAME
- ls - list the contents of a directory
- .SH SYNOPSIS
- fBlsfP [fB-acdfgilqrstu1ACFLMRTXfP] [fInamefP...]
- .SH DESCRIPTION
- For each file argument, list it. For each directory argument, list its
- contents. The current working directory is listed when no files are named.
- Information is printed multicolumn on terminals, single column if the output
- is redirected. The options control what information is shown and how.
- .PP
- .B Ls
- has two sources other then the commands line to draw options from, one is
- the environment variable
- .B LSOPTS
- and is used only when the output of
- .B ls
- is displayed on a terminal. The other is the name of
- .B ls
- itself. If
- .B ls
- is linked to another name, then all the characters after the l are used as
- flags too, except that f, r, t and x are translated to F, R, T and X. Useful
- links are
- .BR ll ,
- .BR lf ,
- .B lm
- and
- .BR lx .
- .PP
- Files whose names start with a dot are by default not listed.
- .PP
- Note that standard Minix doesn't have symbolic links or sockets and
- .B -u
- and
- .B -c
- are no-ops on a V1 file system, since only modified times are stored in V1
- inodes.
- .SH OPTIONS
- .TP
- .B -a
- All entries are listed, even
- .B .
- and
- .B ..
- .TP
- .B -c
- Use inode changed time for sorting, listing or searching.
- .TP
- .B -d
- Do not list contents of directories, but list the directory itself.
- .TP
- .B -f
- Do not sort (should also be: treat a file as a directory, but that
- can't be implemented portably).
- .TP
- .B -g
- Suppress the owner name on a long listing (implies
- .BR -l ).
- .TP
- .B -i
- I-node number printed in first column.
- .TP
- .B -l
- Long listing: mode, links, owner, group, size and time.
- .RB ( "ls -lC"
- uses columns in a wide enough window!)
- .TP
- .B -n
- Print numerical user and group id's.
- .TP
- .B -q
- Print nongraphic characters as 'fB?fP' (default on terminals).
- .TP
- .B -r
- Reverse the sort order.
- .TP
- .B -s
- Give size in kilobytes.
- .TP
- .B -t
- Sort by time (modified time default), latest first.
- .TP
- .B -u
- Use last accessed time for sorting, listing or searching.
- .TP
- .B -1
- Print in one column.
- .TP
- .B -A
- List all entries, but not
- .B .
- and
- .B ..
- (This is the default for privileged users.)
- .TP
- .B -C
- Print multicolumn (default on terminals).
- .TP
- .B -F
- Mark directories with a 'fB/fP', executables with a 'fB*fP', s-2UNIXs+2
- domain sockets with a 'fB=fP' and symbolic links with a 'fB@fP' behind
- the name.
- .TP
- .B -L
- Print the file referenced by a symbolic link instead of the link.
- .TP
- .B -M
- List mode before name (implies
- .BR -C ).
- .TP
- .B -R
- List directory trees recursively.
- .TP
- .B -T
- Group files by type, i.e. regular files together, directories
- together, etc.
- .TP
- .B -X
- Print crunched mode and size before name (implies
- .BR -C ).
- Only the rwx permissions that its caller has on the file, but they are in
- upper case if the caller owns the file and has given the permission to the
- callers group or other users. The size is listed in bytes (<= 5K), or rounded
- up kilo, mega or gigabytes.
- .SH "SEE ALSO"
- .BR du (1),
- .BR stat (1),
- .BR stat (2).
- .SH BUGS
- Having to type
- .B ls -C
- when viewing files through
- .BR more (1).
- .PP
- Is only portable to systems with the same st_mode (see
- .BR stat (2)).
- .PP
- The
- .B LSOPTS
- variable and the
- .BR -M ,
- .B -T
- and
- .B -X
- flags are not found on other
- .B ls
- implementations. (They have there own nonstandard flags.)
- .SH AUTHOR
- Kees J. Bot (kjb@cs.vu.nl)