NONAMED.8
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上传日期:2007-01-18
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- ." These numbers should match those in nonamed.c:
- .ds TT "1 hour"
- .ds ST "two seconds"
- .ds MT "four seconds"
- .ds LT "five minutes"
- .ds NS "five"
- .ds NI "256"
- .TH NONAMED 8
- .SH NAME
- nonamed - not a name daemon, but acts like one
- .SH SYNOPSIS
- .B nonamed
- .RB [ -d [fIlevelfP]]
- .RB [ -p
- .IR port ]
- .RB [ -n
- .IR address [/fIportfP]]
- .SH DESCRIPTION
- .B Nonamed
- is not an Internet name daemon. When started it immediately tries to find a
- real name daemon on the local network. If it finds one then it will relay
- any DNS queries to that name daemon. If it can't find one then it will do
- its best to answer simple queries using the
- .B /etc/hosts
- table for name to address translation.
- .PP
- On startup
- .B nonamed
- broadcasts up to *(NS simple UDP queries on the local network. This is a
- somewhat nasty thing to do, because it makes all name servers on the net
- spring into action to answer the request. The first name server to answer
- is used by
- .B nonamed
- to answer the queries of its clients. The broadcast search is repeated
- after an hour to give another name server a chance to be abused. (It is
- quite normal for a host to use a remote name server. The broadcasts are a
- bit unfriendly, but they only happen once an hour.)
- .PP
- If a real name server is found then
- .B nonamed
- enters "relay mode", passing all queries on. In relay mode the daemon
- cannot be distinguished from a real DNS name daemon.
- .PP
- .B Nonamed
- accepts both UDP and TCP queries under Minix-vmd. Under standard Minix
- only UDP queries are accepted. *(NI relayed UDP queries can be outstanding
- before it forgets where the first one came from.
- .PP
- In answer mode
- .B nonamed
- can answer simple DNS queries to translate a host name to an IP address, or
- an IP address to a host name. Suppose
- .B /etc/hosts
- looks like this:
- .PP
- .RS
- .ta +15n
- .nf
- 127.0.0.1 localhost
- 192.9.200.1 darask.home.cs.vu.nl
- 192.9.200.2 burask.home.cs.vu.nl
- .fi
- .RE
- .PP
- Then queries for the host names listed can be answered with the IP addresses
- to the left of them. If the name can't be found then it is retried with the
- domain name stripped of, this is because "localhost" is looked up as
- "localhost.home.cs.vu.nl" in the above example. Reverse lookups are
- answered with the first hostname on the line with the IP address.
- .PP
- UDP queries are immediately answered on startup if the answer can be found
- in the hosts file. Failure answers, and answers to TCP queries are delayed
- until it decides that there are no real name servers out there.
- .PP
- .B Nonamed
- employs several timeouts for efficient operation:
- .PP
- If *(NS broadcasts, *(ST apart fail to produce a name server on startup
- then it decides that there are no real name servers around.
- .PP
- After *(TT it will again look for a name server. (We don't want to hog the
- same one indefinitely.)
- .PP
- If no UDP reply is seen in *(MT than a simple probe is sent the name
- server. If that doesn't provoke an answer in *(ST then it will look for a
- new name server. A failing TCP connection will also invoke a search, the
- TCP connection is then made to the new name server. A client using UDP will
- retry eventually, a client using TCP will notice nothing but a short delay.
- The daemon drops back into answer mode if the search fails and it has a
- hosts file with a "localhost" entry.
- .PP
- It waits *(LT for any action on a TCP stream before the connection is
- aborted.
- .PP
- In answer mode it will generate data with a TTL (time to live) of *(TT.
- .SH OPTIONS
- The options are only useful when debugging
- .BR nonamed ,
- although it can be very instructive to watch DNS queries being done.
- .TP
- .BR -d [fIlevelfP]
- Set debugging level to
- .I level
- (a single digit, by default
- .BR 1 .)
- Debug mode 1 makes
- .B nonamed
- decode and display the DNS queries and replies that it receives, sends and
- relays. The decoding only handles the common cases. In debug mode 2 it
- prints tracing information about the internal jobs it executes. In debug
- mode 3 it core dumps when an error causes it to exit. The debugging level
- may also be increased by 1 at runtime by sending signal
- .B SIGUSR1
- or turned off (set to 0) with
- .BR SIGUSR2 .
- .TP
- .RB [ -p " fIportfP]
- Port to use instead of the normal
- .B domain
- port.
- .TP
- .RB [ -n " fIaddressfP[/fIportfP]]
- Use this IP address and port to find a real name server. It can be used to
- make
- .B nonamed
- relay to another
- .BR nonamed .
- (They do not listen to broadcasts, of course.) You can run two daemons on
- one machine if you choose a new port number for one of them. You can force
- .B nonamed
- out of relay mode by sending it a hangup signal.
- .SH FILES
- .TP 15n
- /etc/hosts
- Hosts to address translation table when in answer mode.
- .SH "SEE ALSO"
- .BR gethostbyname (3),
- .BR resolver (3),
- .BR hosts (5),
- .BR set_net_default (8),
- .BR boot (8),
- .BR inetd (8),
- .BR irdpd (8),
- .BR rarpd (8).
- .SH NOTES
- You can specify a remote name server in
- .B /etc/resolv.conf
- to circumvent
- .BR nonamed .
- But then you lose its talent for automatically finding new name servers when
- the remote name server becomes unreachable.
- .PP
- Don't add a "localhost" entry to the hosts file if there are remote name
- servers. It makes
- .B nonamed
- drop back in answer mode on a flaky network.
- .SH BUGS
- If you can get a remote
- .B nonamed
- to listen to your name server then you can make it believe anything you
- want to. You need access to a machine on the same subnet of course.
- .SH AUTHOR
- Kees J. Bot (kjb@cs.vu.nl)