INIT.8
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- INIT(8) Minix Programmer's Manual INIT(8)
- NAME
- init - grandparent of all processes
- DESCRIPTION
- The first program started by Minix is init. The actions performed by
- init can be summarized by this pseudo shell program:
- # Open 0, 1, 2.
- exec </dev/null >/dev/log 2>&1
- # Run the system initialization script.
- sh /etc/rc $bootopts
- >/etc/utmp
- echo reboot >>/usr/adm/wtmp
- while :; do
- # Wait for a process to exit, but don't always block.
- wait
- # Record logout. (Not in this dumb way, of course.)
- if "pid is in my tables" $pid
- then
- echo "logout $pid" >/etc/utmp
- echo "logout $pid" >>/usr/adm/wtmp
- fi
- # Start a new session.
- while read line type getty init
- do
- if idle $line
- then
- $init ... <$tty >$tty
- $getty <$tty >$tty 2>&1 &
- pid=$!
- "add pid to tables" $pid
- echo "login $line $pid" >/etc/utmp
- echo "login $line $pid" >>/usr/adm/wtmp
- fi
- done < /dev/ttytab
- done
- The first action of init is to run /etc/rc to initialize the system as
- described in boot(8). Init then enters its main loop where it waits for
- processes to exit, and starts processes on each enabled terminal line.
- The file /etc/ttytab contains a list of terminal devices, their terminal
- types, the program to execute on them to allow one to login (usually
- getty(8)), and the program to execute first to initialize the line
- (usually stty(1)). These fields may be left out to indicate that a line
- is disabled or that initialization is not necessary. The commands are
- 1
- INIT(8) Minix Programmer's Manual INIT(8)
- searched using the path /sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin.
- Init accepts several signals that must be sent to process id 1. (It is
- the first process, so natually its process id is 1.) The signals are:
- SIGHUP
- When receiving a hangup signal, init will forget about errors and
- rescan ttytab for processes to execute. Init normally rescans
- ttytab each time it feels the need to respawn a process, so the
- hangup signal is only needed if a line has been shut down, or after
- a terminate signal. Note that after turning a line off you will
- have to kill the process running on that line manually, init doesn't
- do that for you.
- SIGTERM
- Normally sent by programs that halt or reboot Minix. Causes init to
- stop spawning new processes.
- SIGABRT
- Sent by the keyboard driver when the CTRL-ALT-DEL key combination is
- typed. Causes init to run the shutdown command. A second abort
- signal makes init halt the system directly with a system call. The
- keyboard driver halts the system, without a sync, after the third
- CTRL-ALT-DEL.
- Minix vs. Minix-vmd
- There are a few differences between standard Minix and Minix-vmd on how
- init is run. The /etc/rc file is executed under standard Minix with
- input connected to /dev/console, but under Minix-vmd this is still
- /dev/null. This means that under Minix-vmd processes must be reconnected
- to /dev/console with the intr program if they need user interaction.
- Minix-vmd passes the value of the bootopts boot variable to /etc/rc.
- Standard Minix does not.
- FILES
- /etc/ttytab List of terminals devices.
- /etc/utmp List of currently logged in users.
- /usr/adm/wtmp Login/logout history.
- SEE ALSO
- ttytab(5), utmp(5), getty(8), stty(1), boot(8).
- AUTHOR
- Kees J. Bot (kjb@cs.vu.nl)
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