README
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- README file for PCRE (Perl-compatible regular expression library)
- -----------------------------------------------------------------
- The latest release of PCRE is always available from
- ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-xxx.tar.gz
- Please read the NEWS file if you are upgrading from a previous release.
- PCRE has its own native API, but a set of "wrapper" functions that are based on
- the POSIX API are also supplied in the library libpcreposix. Note that this
- just provides a POSIX calling interface to PCRE: the regular expressions
- themselves still follow Perl syntax and semantics. The header file
- for the POSIX-style functions is called pcreposix.h. The official POSIX name is
- regex.h, but I didn't want to risk possible problems with existing files of
- that name by distributing it that way. To use it with an existing program that
- uses the POSIX API, it will have to be renamed or pointed at by a link.
- Contributions by users of PCRE
- ------------------------------
- You can find contributions from PCRE users in the directory
- ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/Contrib
- where there is also a README file giving brief descriptions of what they are.
- Several of them provide support for compiling PCRE on various flavours of
- Windows systems (I myself do not use Windows). Some are complete in themselves;
- others are pointers to URLs containing relevant files.
- Building PCRE on a Unix system
- ------------------------------
- To build PCRE on a Unix system, first run the "configure" command from the PCRE
- distribution directory, with your current directory set to the directory where
- you want the files to be created. This command is a standard GNU "autoconf"
- configuration script, for which generic instructions are supplied in INSTALL.
- Most commonly, people build PCRE within its own distribution directory, and in
- this case, on many systems, just running "./configure" is sufficient, but the
- usual methods of changing standard defaults are available. For example,
- CFLAGS='-O2 -Wall' ./configure --prefix=/opt/local
- specifies that the C compiler should be run with the flags '-O2 -Wall' instead
- of the default, and that "make install" should install PCRE under /opt/local
- instead of the default /usr/local.
- If you want to build in a different directory, just run "configure" with that
- directory as current. For example, suppose you have unpacked the PCRE source
- into /source/pcre/pcre-xxx, but you want to build it in /build/pcre/pcre-xxx:
- cd /build/pcre/pcre-xxx
- /source/pcre/pcre-xxx/configure
- If you want to make use of the experimential, incomplete support for UTF-8
- character strings in PCRE, you must add --enable-utf8 to the "configure"
- command. Without it, the code for handling UTF-8 is not included in the
- library. (Even when included, it still has to be enabled by an option at run
- time.)
- The "configure" script builds five files:
- . libtool is a script that builds shared and/or static libraries
- . Makefile is built by copying Makefile.in and making substitutions.
- . config.h is built by copying config.in and making substitutions.
- . pcre-config is built by copying pcre-config.in and making substitutions.
- . RunTest is a script for running tests
- Once "configure" has run, you can run "make". It builds two libraries called
- libpcre and libpcreposix, a test program called pcretest, and the pcregrep
- command. You can use "make install" to copy these, the public header files
- pcre.h and pcreposix.h, and the man pages to appropriate live directories on
- your system, in the normal way.
- Running "make install" also installs the command pcre-config, which can be used
- to recall information about the PCRE configuration and installation. For
- example,
- pcre-config --version
- prints the version number, and
- pcre-config --libs
- outputs information about where the library is installed. This command can be
- included in makefiles for programs that use PCRE, saving the programmer from
- having to remember too many details.
- There is one esoteric feature that is controlled by "configure". It concerns
- the character value used for "newline", and is something that you probably do
- not want to change on a Unix system. The default is to use whatever value your
- compiler gives to 'n'. By using --enable-newline-is-cr or
- --enable-newline-is-lf you can force the value to be CR (13) or LF (10) if you
- really want to.
- Shared libraries on Unix systems
- --------------------------------
- The default distribution builds PCRE as two shared libraries and two static
- libraries, as long as the operating system supports shared libraries. Shared
- library support relies on the "libtool" script which is built as part of the
- "configure" process.
- The libtool script is used to compile and link both shared and static
- libraries. They are placed in a subdirectory called .libs when they are newly
- built. The programs pcretest and pcregrep are built to use these uninstalled
- libraries (by means of wrapper scripts in the case of shared libraries). When
- you use "make install" to install shared libraries, pcregrep and pcretest are
- automatically re-built to use the newly installed shared libraries before being
- installed themselves. However, the versions left in the source directory still
- use the uninstalled libraries.
- To build PCRE using static libraries only you must use --disable-shared when
- configuring it. For example
- ./configure --prefix=/usr/gnu --disable-shared
- Then run "make" in the usual way. Similarly, you can use --disable-static to
- build only shared libraries.
- Building on non-Unix systems
- ----------------------------
- For a non-Unix system, read the comments in the file NON-UNIX-USE. PCRE has
- been compiled on Windows systems and on Macintoshes, but I don't know the
- details because I don't use those systems. It should be straightforward to
- build PCRE on any system that has a Standard C compiler, because it uses only
- Standard C functions.
- Testing PCRE
- ------------
- To test PCRE on a Unix system, run the RunTest script that is created by the
- configuring process. (This can also be run by "make runtest", "make check", or
- "make test".) For other systems, see the instruction in NON-UNIX-USE.
- The script runs the pcretest test program (which is documented in the doc
- directory) on each of the testinput files (in the testdata directory) in turn,
- and compares the output with the contents of the corresponding testoutput file.
- A file called testtry is used to hold the output from pcretest. To run pcretest
- on just one of the test files, give its number as an argument to RunTest, for
- example:
- RunTest 3
- The first and third test files can also be fed directly into the perltest
- script to check that Perl gives the same results. The third file requires the
- additional features of release 5.005, which is why it is kept separate from the
- main test input, which needs only Perl 5.004. In the long run, when 5.005 (or
- higher) is widespread, these two test files may get amalgamated.
- The second set of tests check pcre_fullinfo(), pcre_info(), pcre_study(),
- pcre_copy_substring(), pcre_get_substring(), pcre_get_substring_list(), error
- detection, and run-time flags that are specific to PCRE, as well as the POSIX
- wrapper API. It also uses the debugging flag to check some of the internals of
- pcre_compile().
- If you build PCRE with a locale setting that is not the standard C locale, the
- character tables may be different (see next paragraph). In some cases, this may
- cause failures in the second set of tests. For example, in a locale where the
- isprint() function yields TRUE for characters in the range 128-255, the use of
- [:isascii:] inside a character class defines a different set of characters, and
- this shows up in this test as a difference in the compiled code, which is being
- listed for checking. Where the comparison test output contains [x00-x7f] the
- test will contain [x00-xff], and similarly in some other cases. This is not a
- bug in PCRE.
- The fourth set of tests checks pcre_maketables(), the facility for building a
- set of character tables for a specific locale and using them instead of the
- default tables. The tests make use of the "fr" (French) locale. Before running
- the test, the script checks for the presence of this locale by running the
- "locale" command. If that command fails, or if it doesn't include "fr" in the
- list of available locales, the fourth test cannot be run, and a comment is
- output to say why. If running this test produces instances of the error
- ** Failed to set locale "fr"
- in the comparison output, it means that locale is not available on your system,
- despite being listed by "locale". This does not mean that PCRE is broken.
- The fifth test checks the experimental, incomplete UTF-8 support. It is not run
- automatically unless PCRE is built with UTF-8 support. This file can be fed
- directly to the perltest8 script, which requires Perl 5.6 or higher. The sixth
- file tests internal UTF-8 features of PCRE that are not relevant to Perl.
- Character tables
- ----------------
- PCRE uses four tables for manipulating and identifying characters. The final
- argument of the pcre_compile() function is a pointer to a block of memory
- containing the concatenated tables. A call to pcre_maketables() can be used to
- generate a set of tables in the current locale. If the final argument for
- pcre_compile() is passed as NULL, a set of default tables that is built into
- the binary is used.
- The source file called chartables.c contains the default set of tables. This is
- not supplied in the distribution, but is built by the program dftables
- (compiled from dftables.c), which uses the ANSI C character handling functions
- such as isalnum(), isalpha(), isupper(), islower(), etc. to build the table
- sources. This means that the default C locale which is set for your system will
- control the contents of these default tables. You can change the default tables
- by editing chartables.c and then re-building PCRE. If you do this, you should
- probably also edit Makefile to ensure that the file doesn't ever get
- re-generated.
- The first two 256-byte tables provide lower casing and case flipping functions,
- respectively. The next table consists of three 32-byte bit maps which identify
- digits, "word" characters, and white space, respectively. These are used when
- building 32-byte bit maps that represent character classes.
- The final 256-byte table has bits indicating various character types, as
- follows:
- 1 white space character
- 2 letter
- 4 decimal digit
- 8 hexadecimal digit
- 16 alphanumeric or '_'
- 128 regular expression metacharacter or binary zero
- You should not alter the set of characters that contain the 128 bit, as that
- will cause PCRE to malfunction.
- Manifest
- --------
- The distribution should contain the following files:
- (A) The actual source files of the PCRE library functions and their
- headers:
- dftables.c auxiliary program for building chartables.c
- get.c )
- maketables.c )
- study.c ) source of
- pcre.c ) the functions
- pcreposix.c )
- pcre.in "source" for the header for the external API; pcre.h
- is built from this by "configure"
- pcreposix.h header for the external POSIX wrapper API
- internal.h header for internal use
- config.in template for config.h, which is built by configure
- (B) Auxiliary files:
- AUTHORS information about the author of PCRE
- ChangeLog log of changes to the code
- INSTALL generic installation instructions
- LICENCE conditions for the use of PCRE
- COPYING the same, using GNU's standard name
- Makefile.in template for Unix Makefile, which is built by configure
- NEWS important changes in this release
- NON-UNIX-USE notes on building PCRE on non-Unix systems
- README this file
- RunTest.in template for a Unix shell script for running tests
- config.guess ) files used by libtool,
- config.sub ) used only when building a shared library
- configure a configuring shell script (built by autoconf)
- configure.in the autoconf input used to build configure
- doc/Tech.Notes notes on the encoding
- doc/pcre.3 man page source for the PCRE functions
- doc/pcre.html HTML version
- doc/pcre.txt plain text version
- doc/pcreposix.3 man page source for the POSIX wrapper API
- doc/pcreposix.html HTML version
- doc/pcreposix.txt plain text version
- doc/pcretest.txt documentation of test program
- doc/perltest.txt documentation of Perl test program
- doc/pcregrep.1 man page source for the pcregrep utility
- doc/pcregrep.html HTML version
- doc/pcregrep.txt plain text version
- install-sh a shell script for installing files
- ltmain.sh file used to build a libtool script
- pcretest.c comprehensive test program
- pcredemo.c simple demonstration of coding calls to PCRE
- perltest Perl test program
- perltest8 Perl test program for UTF-8 tests
- pcregrep.c source of a grep utility that uses PCRE
- pcre-config.in source of script which retains PCRE information
- testdata/testinput1 test data, compatible with Perl 5.004 and 5.005
- testdata/testinput2 test data for error messages and non-Perl things
- testdata/testinput3 test data, compatible with Perl 5.005
- testdata/testinput4 test data for locale-specific tests
- testdata/testinput5 test data for UTF-8 tests compatible with Perl 5.6
- testdata/testinput6 test data for other UTF-8 tests
- testdata/testoutput1 test results corresponding to testinput1
- testdata/testoutput2 test results corresponding to testinput2
- testdata/testoutput3 test results corresponding to testinput3
- testdata/testoutput4 test results corresponding to testinput4
- testdata/testoutput5 test results corresponding to testinput5
- testdata/testoutput6 test results corresponding to testinput6
- (C) Auxiliary files for Win32 DLL
- dll.mk
- pcre.def
- Philip Hazel <ph10@cam.ac.uk>
- August 2001