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资源说明：my vim config
# vim configuration
this repository contains configurations for linux,mac and windows
## Plugin Management
I use [vim-plug](https://github.com/junegunn/vim-plug) to install plugins and keep them up to date.
Before I used Vundle but found that I could bring down my startup time 25% by loading some plugins
lazy. Merely switching to vim-plug without any lazy loading already gave a 10% boost.
The drawback is that it requires +ruby (Neovim works out-of-the-box).
## needed 3rd party tools
* fzf (will be installed automatically)
* rust
curl https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf | sh
rustup component add rust-src
* ripgrep
cargo install ripgrep
* clang++
sudo apt install clang
### ruby
make sure ruby is installed (here I'm using rbenv and ruby-build):
* rbenv
git clone https://github.com/sstephenson/rbenv.git ~/.rbenv
echo 'export PATH="$HOME/.rbenv/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bashrc
echo 'eval "$(rbenv init -)"' >> ~/.bashrc
. ~/.bashrc
If you've installed rbenv manually using git, you can upgrade your installation to the cutting-edge version at any time.
$ cd ~/.rbenv
$ git pull
* ruby-build
On Ubuntu ruby has some prerequisites:
sudo apt-get install libc6-dev libssl-dev libmysql++-dev libsqlite3-dev make build-essential
sudo apt-get install libffi-dev libreadline6-dev zlib1g-dev libyaml-dev
git clone https://github.com/sstephenson/ruby-build.git ~/.rbenv/plugins/ruby-build
rbenv install 2.2.0
rbenv rehash
rbenv global 2.2.0
## Now clone the vim config
first clone the git repo:
git clone https://github.com/marcmo/vimfiles.git ~/.config/nvim
alternatively over ssh:
git clone git@github.com:marcmo/vimfiles.git ~/.config/nvim
the `init.vim` file will work per default for linux systems, for MacOS change it to:
source $HOME/.config/nvim/_vimrc_universal
source $HOME/.config/nvim/_vimrc_mac
Install the awesome plug plugin-manager:
curl -fLo ~/.config/nvim/autoload/plug.vim --create-dirs \
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/junegunn/vim-plug/master/plug.vim
to setup vim with all plugins: start vim and install plugins using
:PlugInstall
enable Python3 interface with pip
sudo pip3 install neovim
enable remote plugins for neovim
:UpdateRemotePlugins
# Trouble Shooting
## neovim python interface
make sure the python plugin is up to date for both pip2 and pip3
pip2 show neovim
pip3 show neovim
has to be the same. Upgrade with:
sudo pip2 install neovim --upgrade
sudo pip3 install neovim --upgrade
# VIM cheatsheet
## Recently added
### count occurrences of pattern
:%s/pattern//gn
### delete all lines with 2 consecutive repeated words
g/\v(^[a-zA-Z_\/0-9]+),\1/d
# From vimgolf
## challenge 51459ef6b94aa50002000002
### registers
": Contains the most recent executed command-line. Example: Use
"@:" to repeat the previous command-line command.
"= (Expression register)
It inserts the result from an expression
e.g. evaluate math expression:
* in insert mode: =pow(4,2)/3
* in normal mode: "=pow(4,2)/3p
### add comma to end of each line
:'<,'>norm A,
### copy last command to clipboard
let @*=@:
### copy last search to clipboard
let @*=@/
### copy all lines + the 2 following that match a pattern
this will first clear the register a, append every line containing
the pattern + the folling 2 lines into register a
:let @a=""
:g/pattern/y A 3
## Window Commands
Ctrl-W t -- makes the first (topleft) window current
Ctrl-W K -- moves the current window to full-width at the very top
Ctrl-W H -- moves the current window to full-height at far left
### switch from vertical split to horizontal split fast
Ctrl-W t Ctrl-W H -- horizonal split -> vertical split
Ctrl-W t Ctrl-W K -- vertical split -> horizonal split
### movement
g_ -- move to the last non-blank character of the current line
### hex value
ga -- display hex,ascii value of char under cursor
### Normal
* The :normal command takes a set of characters and performs whatever action they would do if they were typed in normal mode
* normal! doesn't recognize "special characters" like
:normal >> -- Vim will indent the current line.
### Execute
The execute takes a string and performs it as a command. Run this:
:execute "write" -- Vim will write your file, just as if you had typed :write
## making list of numbers
### insert a list of ascending numbers
:put =range(11,13) -- inserts 3 lines after the current line:
will result in:
11
12
13
### with a for loop
:for i in range(1,3) | put ='192.168.0.'.i | endfor
192.168.0.1
192.168.0.2
192.168.0.3
### Substitute with ascending numbers
:let i=1 | g/abc/s//\='xyz_'.i/ | let i=i+1
-- replaces abc's with xyz_1,xyz_2,...
## Vim Regex (regular expressions)
\v or very magic (usually) reduces backslashing
### span newlines in regex: use \_. instead of .
:\vstart\_.+end -- will select multiple lines from [start] to [end]
### use ruby regex for string replacement
:rubydo gsub /pattern/,'replacement' -- Equivalent to s/pattern/replacement/g (also works on visual selections):
### convert decimal numbers to hex
:%s/\d\+/\=printf("0x%04x", submatch(0))/gc
### repeat command-line
@: -- repeat last : command (then @@)
### When replacing:
& is the text that matches the search pattern
\& is ampersand
\r is newline
\n is a null byte (0x00).
\1 inserts the text of the 1. backreference a.s.o.
### delete all whitespaces up to next word
dw
### paste in visual mode
block has to be selected visually
I -- put cursor at the start of the first row of the block
A -- put cursor at the end of the first row of the block
Ctrl-R + [Reg] -- puts the content of [Register] at cursor position
Esc -- propagates the paste to all lines of visual selection
### Copy content of registers
:let @+=@" -- will copy the content of the '"'-register to the global '+'-register
### Using normal-mode motions in command-line mode
Ctrl-F -- open command-line window when in Vim command-line
-- will run the command
Ctrl-C -- return to standard command-line
### append to a named register use it's corresponding upper case character
"ayy -- yank line to register a
"Ayy -- yank line and append to reg a
"ap
### replace/substitute in visual selection
:s/\%Vred/blue/g
### replace/substitute using magic regular expression extension
:%s/\v"(\S*)"/*|\1|*/g -- replace all strings in quotes
### GOTO Column
80| -- go to the 80th column
### move cursor beyond end of line
set virtualedit=all
### Save a file you edited in vim without the needed permissions (e.g. readonly file) (force write)
:w !sudo tee %
### display vim runtime information
:mess -- display recent error messages of vim
:reg -- display contents of all registers
### go to previous/next edited file/position
Ctrl-o
Ctrl-i
### display lines that do not contain a pattern
/\v^(.*Warning)@!.*$ -- will find all lines that do not include Warning
### remove ^M from windows file
:s%/^V^M//g -- i.e. Ctrl-V,Ctrl-m
### node.js for jslint
curl -L http://github.com/strager/node-jslint/tarball/master | tar xz --strip 1 -C .
npm install .
in vimrc:
augroup js
set makeprg=jslint\ %
set efm=%f:%l:%c:%m
augroup END
add config file for jslint: ~/.jslint
{
"predef": [
"exports",
"global",
"process",
"require",
"__filename",
"__dirname",
"module"
],
"browser" : false,
"devel" : false,
"rhino" : false,
"es5" : false,
"widget": false,
"windows" : false,
"onvar" : true
}
### convert to match the current tab settings
:retab
### display key mapping/binding
:map -- normal, visual, select and operator pending mode
:map! -- insert and command-line mode.
:nmap -- normal mode maps
:imap -- insert mode maps
:vmap -- visual and select mode maps
:smap -- select mode maps
:xmap -- visual mode maps
:cmap -- command-line mode maps
:omap -- operator pending mode maps
### edit previous file
CTRL-6 or :e#
#### when the plugin is a git repo:
cd ~/.vim && mkdir ~/.vim/bundle
git submodule add http://github.com/tpope/vim-fugitive.git bundle/fugitive
git add .
git commit -m "Install Fugitive.vim bundle as a submodule."
### setting up vim in new environment:
git clone git://github.com/marcmo/vimfiles.git ~/.vim
ln -s ~/.vim/_vimrc_universal ~/.vimrc
ln -s ~/.vim/gvimrc ~/.gvimrc
cd ~/.vim
#### install plugins via vundle (in vim)
:BundleInstall
### use vim from irb
* in irb, enter: vi + Enter
* to store file: :w myfile.rb
* to continue irb with a file: vi 'myfile.rb' + Enter
### command line window
q/ -- show history of search patterns
q: -- show history of commands
C-f -- switch to command line window while in command line mode
### ctags
C-T -- ctags, jump back from the definition
:tn -- next
:tp -- previous
### run vim without plugins
vim -u "NONE" hugefile.log
# Other useful things
## surround plugin
csw' -- surround word with '
yssb or yss) -- wrap the entire line in parentheses
cs"' -- change from "xyz" to 'xyz'
cs' -- change from 'xyz' to xyz
cst' -- change from xyz
to 'xyz'
## external filters
:%!xargs -L1 cmd -- execute cmd for several lines (from http://stackoverflow.com/questions/6762531/execute-command-for-several-lines-in-vim)
:'<,'>w !sh -- execute visual selection as shell command
:!rake -T -- show all rakefile targets
:%!filter -- put whole file through filter (e.g. :%!sort)
:!filter -- put (visual) selection through filter (for reversing lines looks like this: '<,'>!tac )
:,!command -- replace current line with command output
:read !command -- insert command output in next line
!!sh -- execute line (e.g. "date") in shell and replace with result: (equivalent to :r!date)
map :w:!python % -- run current file with external program
:%!nl
## capture output in register (e.g. :history)
:redir @a -- redirect output of a command to register
:set all -- command that has some output
:redir END
## vi as command line editor:
* in e.g. .bashrc: set -o vi
* on command line: esc to normal mode, v drops into vi
## undo/redo
u -- Undo the last action.
U -- Undo all the latest changes that were made to the current line
Ctrl + r -- Redo
'g+' and 'g-' -- go "back in time"
':earlier' and ':later' -- take a time descriptor like 7m or 1h
:undo n -- jump to specific nodes in the tree using
-- (n is a number of an action, all actions are numbered sequentially as you do them.)
:undolist -- look up the number of the actions on the leaves of the undo tree via.
-- This will let you jump between branches easily.
-- You can then use u and Ctrl-R to move up and down that branch.
## search and replace
:%s/,/\r/g -- replace "," with newlines (nice!)
:g/pattern/p -- print all lines that contain "pattern".
:g/pattern -- is equivalent.
:v/pattern/d -- filter text: delete all lines that do not contain a pattern, e.g. use with regex mode \v: :v/\v\s(cpp|h)/d
:%s/foo/a/g -- Replace each occurrence of 'foo' with the contents of register 'a'. (useful if the register contains many lines of text)
:%s/foo/\=@a/g -- Replace each occurrence of 'foo' with the contents of register 'a'. (useful if the register contains many lines of text)
:%s//bar/g -- Replace each match of the last search pattern with 'bar'.
/\(yes\|no\) -- regex OR operator, finds yes or no
:g/gladiolli/# -- display with line numbers (YOU WANT THIS!)
:vmap // y/" -- search for visually highlighted text
/fred\_s*joe/ -- multiline search (any whitespace including newline)
:%s/search/replace/gc -- When you run this search, Vim will give you a prompt that looks something like this: replace with foo (y/n/a/q/l/^E/^Y)?
'*' -- searches forward for the next occurrence of the word under the cursor ('#' does the same backwards
n -- search again with the last search string
N -- search backwards with the last search string
[I -- show lines matching word under cursor (super)
## Misc
:Bonly -- close all buffers but the current one (BufOnly plugin)
[I -- show lines matching word under cursor (super)
:set list -- display invisible characters (:set list! will "unset" the option)
d/while -- delete everything from cursor position to the next occurence of "while"
gf -- open file name under cursor (SUPER)
~ -- changes case of current letter
:cd %:h -- change to the dir of the current file
## insert mode commands
and -- change indent level (increment/decrement)
-- word completion in insert mode
q -- display contents of register q (insert mode)
-- delete previous word
## works only on command line:
-- pull word under the cursor into a command line or search
-- pull WORD under the cursor into a command line or search
- -- pull small register
[0-9a-z] -- pull named registers
% -- pull file name (also #)
## entering/leaving ex-mode:
Q -- enter 'ex'
visual -- leave 'ex'
## ex commands:
delete d -- Delete lines
move m -- Move lines
copy co -- Copy lines
:3,18d -- Delete lines 3 through 18.
:160,224m23 -- Move lines 160 through 244 to follow line 23. (Like delete and put in vi.)
:23,29co100 -- Copy lines 23 through 29 and put after line 100. (Like yank and put in vi.)
:1,100w newfile -- copy lines 1 through 100 to a new file
:/pattern/d -- Delete the next line containing pattern.
:/pattern1/,/pattern2/d -- Delete from the first line containing pattern1 through the first line containing pattern2.
:.,/pattern/m23 -- Take text from current line (.) through the first line containing pattern and put after line 23.
## quickfixes:
ccl -- close quickfix window
cc[nr] -- jump to error nr
cn -- jump to next error
cp -- jump to previous error
cw -- open quickfix window with current error list
## vimdiff
vim -d file1 file2 : vimdiff (compare differences)
:vert diffsplit other.txt -- view diff to other file
:diffthis -- use diff on current buffer
:diffoff -- turn diff off on current buffer
:diffoff! -- turn diff off on all buffers
dp -- "put" difference under cursor to other file
do -- "get" difference under cursor from other file
]c -- jump to next difference
[c -- jump to prev. difference
:windo diffthis -- diff for all open windows
### complex diff parts of same file *N*
:1,2yank a | 7,8yank b
:tabedit | put a | vnew | put b
## Recording macros
qq -- record to register 'q' your complex series of commands
q -- end recording
@q -- execute
@@ -- Repeat
5@@ -- Repeat 5 times
## recreate past state
gv -- reselect last visual area (ultra)
gi -- go to last edited location and enter insert mode
'. -- jump to last modification line (SUPER)
`. -- jump to exact spot in last modification line
g; -- cycle thru recent changes (oldest first)
g, -- reverse direction
## numbers
, -- increment,decrement number under cursor
=4*5 -- insert 25 into text (mini-calculator)
## movement
gg -- Goto start of file
G -- Goto end of file
:54 -- Goto line 54
Ctrl-E -- scroll up, 'e'xtra lines
Ctrl-Y -- scroll down
Ctrl-D -- scroll window down
Ctrl-U -- scroll window up
Ctrl-B -- move one screen 'b'ackward
Ctrl-F -- move one screen 'f'orward
% -- Goto matching #if #else,{},(),[],/* */
'f' + any character -- find its next occurrence in the line
'H', 'M' and 'L' -- take the cursor directly to the 'H'ighest, 'M'iddle, or 'L'ower line on the screen
'zt', 'zz' and 'zb' -- keep the cursor at the current position, but scroll the view so that it falls at the 't'op, 'z' center, or 'b'ottom of the screen
### change word till
ctu -- change word up to character 'u' (Change To 'u')
## completion
C-p, C-x C-p -- Autocompletion
-- word completion in insert mode
-- Line complete SUPER USEFUL
-- insert name of a file in current directory
'q:' or ':' -- gives the command history window
## file stuff
:sp or :vsp for vertical split -- open new view on same file
vim -p fred.php joe.php -- open files in tabs
## buffers
ctrl+w ctrl+w -- jump to other buffer
## haskell
execute ghci:
:set makeprg=ghci\ %
:make
### haskellmode
:make -- load into GHCi, show errors (|quickfix| |:copen|)
_ct -- create |tags| file
CTRL-] -- jump to definition
CTRL-W_CTRL_] -- open definition in split window
:copen -- open error browser
:cclose -- close error browser
:GHCi take 5 [1..] -- evaluates expression in ghci
## using terminal e.g.
:!term ghci Main.hs -- prerequisite: provide term script that opens terminal!
## editing
ZZ -- save and quit
yiw -- copy current word
viw -- select current word
D -- (Delete up to end of line. )(short for "d$")
d0 -- delete to beginning of line
dk -- delete current line and line above
dj -- delete current line and line below
diw -- delete word under the cursor (excluding white space)
daw -- delete word under the cursor (including white space)
dG -- delete u or change command.
'o' -- to create a new line below, 'O' to enter one above
'>>' '<<' -- shift line right/left
> -- indent section useful with Shift+v%
< -- unindent section remember . to repeat and u to undo
di> -- to extract everything within or di" for "hello"
'i' -- to any of them for the 'inside' contents, or
'a' -- to include the delimiting characters too.
'>aB' or '>iB' -- ("indent a Block")
yyp -- duplicate current line
## Joining Lines
J -- Join Lines to One. Ex J,3J
gJ -- Join Lines without Spaces
## spellchecking
:set spell -- enter spell checker, after :set spelllang=en_GB.UTF-8 (mapped to F4)
]s -- " next spelling error after the cursor
[s -- " jump backwards
z= -- " over a misspelled word you'll be presented with a list of suggested spellings
zg -- " add it to your personal dictionary
zw -- " add it to the bad word list with
## Replacing Charcter
r (Replace Charater Under Cursour. Ex. ru,5ra,3r )
R
## marks
ma -- to set mark 'a'
'a -- to jump to this mark
`a -- jump to position (line and column) of mark a
## folding
zf#j -- creates a fold from the cursor down # lines.
zf/string -- creates a fold from the cursor to string .
zj -- moves the cursor to the next fold.
zk -- moves the cursor to the previous fold.
zo -- opens a fold at the cursor.
zO -- opens all folds at the cursor.
zm -- increases the foldlevel by one.
zM -- closes all open folds.
zr -- decreases the foldlevel by one.
zR -- decreases the foldlevel to zero -- all folds will be open.
zd -- deletes the fold at the cursor.
zE -- deletes all folds.
[z -- move to start of open fold.
]z -- move to end of open fold.
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