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资源说明：
This is jnettop 0.13.0.
It's a package, which should do simmilar job for network as top does for
processes.
-- Introduction --
After administering various networks I decided to write this piece of code,
becouse I didn't find anything that was simmilar or suitable for my purpose.
I often needed to watch traffic on the outbound router by the times our line
was getting red and see, what's going on there and whether is it right.
I hope, somebody out there will find this tool usefull too.
Just in case you wanted to write me any comments, hints, postcards, herritage
announcements, love, wish, abuse etc., feel free to use my email, j@kubs.cz,
please include "jnettop" in the subject of your mail(!!).
-- Installation --
Download the sources (http://jnettop.kubs.info), unpack and decide, whether
you want:
support for NCURSES display (default is yes)
support for logging into SYSLOG (default is yes)
support for UIA protocol (default is no) (see README.UIA for more info)
if you don't want the default behaviour for any of the above options, specify
--without-ncurses, --without-syslog, --enable-uia
respectivelly to configure script. Make as usual.
-- FreeBSD Notes --
Is jnettop crashing under your FreeBSD? Try passing
--disable-multithreaded-resolver to configure script and recompile.
-- Aggregation --
(What is it?)
Aggregation is a way, how to modify packet classicication rules. There are
two types of aggregation in jnettop: host and port. If there is port
aggregation enabled, it means, that all packets seem to come(go to) same port
numbers. If there is host aggregation enabled, it means, that all packets
seem to come(go to) same host. Let's have an example:
Suppose we have following configuration:
+--- host0
internet ----- addr1 (eth0) --- router --- addr2 (eth1) ---+--- host1
+--- host2
i.e. typical border router with eth0 interface looking into internet and
eth1 interface looking to intranet. Suppose we're running jnettop on router
sniffing on interface eth0. To see how many bytes every host consumes out
of the internet connection, we enable remote host aggregation and local port
aggregation. i.e. All internet will behave as one endpoint and all programs
on one host will, too, behave as one endpoint. This way, every stream we see
in jnettop will be from one of the hosts in intranet to a public internet.
Aggregation is very powerfull laser-knife in network traffic analysis.
I understand, that it is not very user friendly implementation in jnettop and
I will gratefully welcome every suggestion on how to make this topic clear and
more clear-to-use.
-- .jnettop configuration file --
(How can I configure packet filters that apply prior to processing
packets)
Since version 0.6, jnettop package scans your home directory for a file named
".jnettop" and reads possible packet filters. Syntax of the configuration
file is (at least I hope) obvious out of the example provided in .jnettop file
included in distribution. The file consists of lines beginning with keywords.
Each keyword can have various parameters. Following keywords were implemented
so far:
variable "" ""
this keyword introduces new string variable of name . This variable
is assigned value of . Variables can be used in rule specifications
to shorten them and make them more readable.
ex.
variable "intranet" "net 192.168.0.0/16"
rule "" ""
this keyword defines new packet filter rule of name . Packet filter
syntax conforms to that of libpcap library or tcpdump program. Explanation
of the syntax can be found in manual page of tcpdump package. Specification
undergoes variable substitution. Each string of the form "${identifier}" is
expanded to the value of the variable named "identifier". The variable
must be defined PRIOR to the definition of the rule in the configuration
file. Given the previous example of variable keyword, you can use:
rule "source is intranet" "src ${intranet}"
After you start jnettop, you can use the "f" key to select active filter used
PRIOR to any packet processing. This filter is applied BEFORE any statistics
are computed, so even the total BPS is computed only out of the packets, that
pass the filter(!!).
Since version 0.8, jnettop supports "interface" keyword, which specifies
which interface to listen after you start it up. Example:
interface "eth0"
Since version 0.9, jnettop supports following new keywors:
local_aggregation [none|host|port]
this keyword sets startup local aggregation value
ex.
local_aggregation port
remote_aggregation [none|host|port]
this keyword sets startup remote aggregation value
ex.
remote_aggregation host
select_rule ""
this keywors sets rule, that is enabled on startup
name is the name of previously(!) defined rule (by "rule" keyword)
ex.
select_rule "source is intranet"
Since version 0.11, jnettop supports multiple resolvers. This can be configured
thru "resolve" keyword in configuration file:
resolve_rule "" "" [normal|external] ("")
this keyword configures resolver, so that it uses the appropriate method
of resolving for specified network. If this method fails, next one matching
is used.
ex.
resolve_rule "192.168.1.0" "255.255.255.0" normal
resolve_rule "192.168.1.0" "255.255.255.0" external "jnettop-lookup-nmb"
this will cause jnettop to use normal DNS lookup for all 192.168.1.0/24 address-
es first. If nothing is found, than external program "jnettop-lookup-smb"
is used.
if end of all rules is reached, normal DNS lookup is used.
resolve [on|off]
enables/disables resolving completelly
Since version 0.12, jnettop supports explicit list of local networks. Local
networks then appear on the left side of display:
local_network "" ""
this keyword configures packet classifier, so that hosts matching this
classification will be considered local.
The pathname of configuraton file can be overrided by specifying -f command
line parameter.
-- libpcap dependency explanation --
(Why cannot I switch interfaces while running jnettop. I've seen this
feature on a screenshot)
There are various libpcap versions out there with different capabilities.
Notably there are 0.6.2 and older, which don't support interface discovery.
With these versions of libpcap, you won't be able to switch between interfaces
while running jnettop. Anyway, you can use "-i" parameter to specify which
interface to listen on (since jnettop 0.2).
With libpcap version 0.7 and younger, you will be able to switch between
various interfaces while running jnettop.
If you want to get newer version of libpcap, go to http://www.tcpdump.org to
get sources or you can find newer versions in RPMs on http://rpmfind.net
-- glib2 dependency --
(Won't there be port for glib < 2 versions?)
No. This package is heavily dependant on thread functions contained in glib2.
I believe, that there are (will be) various platforms for which glib2 is ported
and thus prefer to depend on generic threading capabilities of glib2 to meet
less portability problems later.
Glib2 is now available in RPMs for RedHat (and simmilar), DEBs for Debian and
.tar.gz for the others.
-- UNKNOWN traffic --
(Jnettop displays a lot of UNKNOWN traffic and UNK. protocol)
Jnettop was done as basic analysis tool and does not interpret most of the
protocols on Internet. Namely it can only interpret TCP/UDP/IP (v4 as well as
v6 since 0.10) on EtherNet or Linux "any" device. This is sufficient for vast
majority of linux users (=me .-)). In case you want me to add support for
another encapsulation (802.11, etc...), please send me output of jnettop -d
and a piece of tcpdump dumpfile with examples of packets. I'll do my best :)
In case you want me to add support for another higher-level protocol
(IPX, AppleTalk,...), please, send me a vote for that protocol.
-- PORTABILITY --
(Does Jnettop work under system X on computer Y)
For portability description, please, see PORTING file. There is an up-to-date
status of portability issues. Generally, I'd like jnettop to be working on
any system, which has glib2, pcap and ncurses ports.
-- content filtering --
(What the hell is that?)
Jnettop attempts to "understand" what communication is in the TCP/UDP data and
displays this information along the stream. For example it can recover URL from
a HTTP request or addresses of ongoing SMTP session. Content filtering is
enabled by default and can be disabled while running. There can be performance
problems on a very busy server which would cause various packets to be dropped.
-- 100% CPU usage --
(Why does jnettop consume all CPU time?)
Libpcap's features don't include reading a packet with timeout. On some systems
this can be overcomed by using select() call. On others, we loop between non-
blocking read and thread_yeald() function (notably BSD). On these systems (BSD)
jnettop consumes all available CPU time, but should behave nicely, so that
it consumes all time up to 100%. Other processes should have theire appropriate
time. This behaviour does not include Linux
Copyright (C) 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Jakub Skopal
Portions of the package are taken from the tcpdump project and their rights are
held by their respective owners stated in the beginning of the files.
$Header: /cvsroot/jnettop/jnettop/README,v 1.20 2006/04/11 15:21:05 merunka Exp $
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