GIT(1)                            Git Manual                            GIT(1)



NAME
       git - the stupid content tracker

SYNOPSIS
       git [--version] [--exec-path[=GIT_EXEC_PATH]] [--html-path]
           [-p|--paginate|--no-pager] [--no-replace-objects]
           [--bare] [--git-dir=GIT_DIR] [--work-tree=GIT_WORK_TREE]
           [--help] COMMAND [ARGS]

DESCRIPTION
       Git is a fast, scalable, distributed revision control system with an
       unusually rich command set that provides both high-level operations and
       full access to internals.

       See gittutorial(7) to get started, then see Everyday Git[1] for a
       useful minimum set of commands, and "man git-commandname" for
       documentation of each command. CVS users may also want to read gitcvs-
       migration(7). See the Git User's Manual[2] for a more in-depth
       introduction.

       The COMMAND is either a name of a Git command (see below) or an alias
       as defined in the configuration file (see git-config(1)).

       Formatted and hyperlinked version of the latest git documentation can
       be viewed at http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/.

OPTIONS
       --version
           Prints the git suite version that the git program came from.

       --help
           Prints the synopsis and a list of the most commonly used commands.
           If the option --all or -a is given then all available commands are
           printed. If a git command is named this option will bring up the
           manual page for that command.

           Other options are available to control how the manual page is
           displayed. See git-help(1) for more information, because git --help
           ...  is converted internally into git help ....

       --exec-path
           Path to wherever your core git programs are installed. This can
           also be controlled by setting the GIT_EXEC_PATH environment
           variable. If no path is given, git will print the current setting
           and then exit.

       --html-path
           Print the path to wherever your git HTML documentation is installed
           and exit.

       -p, --paginate
           Pipe all output into less (or if set, $PAGER) if standard output is
           a terminal. This overrides the pager. configuration options
           (see the "Configuration Mechanism" section below).

       --no-pager
           Do not pipe git output into a pager.

       --git-dir=
           Set the path to the repository. This can also be controlled by
           setting the GIT_DIR environment variable. It can be an absolute
           path or relative path to current working directory.

       --work-tree=
           Set the path to the working tree. The value will not be used in
           combination with repositories found automatically in a .git
           directory (i.e. $GIT_DIR is not set). This can also be controlled
           by setting the GIT_WORK_TREE environment variable and the
           core.worktree configuration variable. It can be an absolute path or
           relative path to the directory specified by --git-dir or GIT_DIR.
           Note: If --git-dir or GIT_DIR are specified but none of
           --work-tree, GIT_WORK_TREE and core.worktree is specified, the
           current working directory is regarded as the top directory of your
           working tree.

       --bare
           Treat the repository as a bare repository. If GIT_DIR environment
           is not set, it is set to the current working directory.

       --no-replace-objects
           Do not use replacement refs to replace git objects. See git-
           replace(1) for more information.

FURTHER DOCUMENTATION
       See the references above to get started using git. The following is
       probably more detail than necessary for a first-time user.

       The git concepts chapter of the user-manual[3] and gitcore-tutorial(7)
       both provide introductions to the underlying git architecture.

       See gitworkflows(7) for an overview of recommended workflows.

       See also the howto[4] documents for some useful examples.

       The internals are documented in the GIT API documentation[5].

GIT COMMANDS
       We divide git into high level ("porcelain") commands and low level
       ("plumbing") commands.

HIGH-LEVEL COMMANDS (PORCELAIN)
       We separate the porcelain commands into the main commands and some
       ancillary user utilities.

   Main porcelain commands
       git-add(1)
           Add file contents to the index.

       git-am(1)
           Apply a series of patches from a mailbox.

       git-archive(1)
           Create an archive of files from a named tree.

       git-bisect(1)
           Find by binary search the change that introduced a bug.

       git-branch(1)
           List, create, or delete branches.

       git-bundle(1)
           Move objects and refs by archive.

       git-checkout(1)
           Checkout a branch or paths to the working tree.

       git-cherry-pick(1)
           Apply the change introduced by an existing commit.

       git-citool(1)
           Graphical alternative to git-commit.

       git-clean(1)
           Remove untracked files from the working tree.

       git-clone(1)
           Clone a repository into a new directory.

       git-commit(1)
           Record changes to the repository.

       git-describe(1)
           Show the most recent tag that is reachable from a commit.

       git-diff(1)
           Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc.

       git-fetch(1)
           Download objects and refs from another repository.

       git-format-patch(1)
           Prepare patches for e-mail submission.

       git-gc(1)
           Cleanup unnecessary files and optimize the local repository.

       git-grep(1)
           Print lines matching a pattern.

       git-gui(1)
           A portable graphical interface to Git.

       git-init(1)
           Create an empty git repository or reinitialize an existing one.

       git-log(1)
           Show commit logs.

       git-merge(1)
           Join two or more development histories together.

       git-mv(1)
           Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink.

       git-notes(1)
           Add/inspect object notes.

       git-pull(1)
           Fetch from and merge with another repository or a local branch.

       git-push(1)
           Update remote refs along with associated objects.

       git-rebase(1)
           Forward-port local commits to the updated upstream head.

       git-reset(1)
           Reset current HEAD to the specified state.

       git-revert(1)
           Revert an existing commit.

       git-rm(1)
           Remove files from the working tree and from the index.

       git-shortlog(1)
           Summarize git log output.

       git-show(1)
           Show various types of objects.

       git-stash(1)
           Stash the changes in a dirty working directory away.

       git-status(1)
           Show the working tree status.

       git-submodule(1)
           Initialize, update or inspect submodules.

       git-tag(1)
           Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG.

       gitk(1)
           The git repository browser.

   Ancillary Commands
       Manipulators:

       git-config(1)
           Get and set repository or global options.

       git-fast-export(1)
           Git data exporter.

       git-fast-import(1)
           Backend for fast Git data importers.

       git-filter-branch(1)
           Rewrite branches.

       git-lost-found(1)
           (deprecated) Recover lost refs that luckily have not yet been
           pruned.

       git-mergetool(1)
           Run merge conflict resolution tools to resolve merge conflicts.

       git-pack-refs(1)
           Pack heads and tags for efficient repository access.

       git-prune(1)
           Prune all unreachable objects from the object database.

       git-reflog(1)
           Manage reflog information.

       git-relink(1)
           Hardlink common objects in local repositories.

       git-remote(1)
           manage set of tracked repositories.

       git-repack(1)
           Pack unpacked objects in a repository.

       git-replace(1)
           Create, list, delete refs to replace objects.

       git-repo-config(1)
           (deprecated) Get and set repository or global options.

       Interrogators:

       git-annotate(1)
           Annotate file lines with commit information.

       git-blame(1)
           Show what revision and author last modified each line of a file.

       git-cherry(1)
           Find commits not merged upstream.

       git-count-objects(1)
           Count unpacked number of objects and their disk consumption.

       git-difftool(1)
           Show changes using common diff tools.

       git-fsck(1)
           Verifies the connectivity and validity of the objects in the
           database.

       git-get-tar-commit-id(1)
           Extract commit ID from an archive created using git-archive.

       git-help(1)
           display help information about git.

       git-instaweb(1)
           Instantly browse your working repository in gitweb.

       git-merge-tree(1)
           Show three-way merge without touching index.

       git-rerere(1)
           Reuse recorded resolution of conflicted merges.

       git-rev-parse(1)
           Pick out and massage parameters.

       git-show-branch(1)
           Show branches and their commits.

       git-verify-tag(1)
           Check the GPG signature of tags.

       git-whatchanged(1)
           Show logs with difference each commit introduces.

   Interacting with Others
       These commands are to interact with foreign SCM and with other people
       via patch over e-mail.

       git-archimport(1)
           Import an Arch repository into git.

       git-cvsexportcommit(1)
           Export a single commit to a CVS checkout.

       git-cvsimport(1)
           Salvage your data out of another SCM people love to hate.

       git-cvsserver(1)
           A CVS server emulator for git.

       git-imap-send(1)
           Send a collection of patches from stdin to an IMAP folder.

       git-quiltimport(1)
           Applies a quilt patchset onto the current branch.

       git-request-pull(1)
           Generates a summary of pending changes.

       git-send-email(1)
           Send a collection of patches as emails.

       git-svn(1)
           Bidirectional operation between a Subversion repository and git.

LOW-LEVEL COMMANDS (PLUMBING)
       Although git includes its own porcelain layer, its low-level commands
       are sufficient to support development of alternative porcelains.
       Developers of such porcelains might start by reading about git-update-
       index(1) and git-read-tree(1).

       The interface (input, output, set of options and the semantics) to
       these low-level commands are meant to be a lot more stable than
       Porcelain level commands, because these commands are primarily for
       scripted use. The interface to Porcelain commands on the other hand are
       subject to change in order to improve the end user experience.

       The following description divides the low-level commands into commands
       that manipulate objects (in the repository, index, and working tree),
       commands that interrogate and compare objects, and commands that move
       objects and references between repositories.

   Manipulation commands
       git-apply(1)
           Apply a patch to files and/or to the index.

       git-checkout-index(1)
           Copy files from the index to the working tree.

       git-commit-tree(1)
           Create a new commit object.

       git-hash-object(1)
           Compute object ID and optionally creates a blob from a file.

       git-index-pack(1)
           Build pack index file for an existing packed archive.

       git-merge-file(1)
           Run a three-way file merge.

       git-merge-index(1)
           Run a merge for files needing merging.

       git-mktag(1)
           Creates a tag object.

       git-mktree(1)
           Build a tree-object from ls-tree formatted text.

       git-pack-objects(1)
           Create a packed archive of objects.

       git-prune-packed(1)
           Remove extra objects that are already in pack files.

       git-read-tree(1)
           Reads tree information into the index.

       git-symbolic-ref(1)
           Read and modify symbolic refs.

       git-unpack-objects(1)
           Unpack objects from a packed archive.

       git-update-index(1)
           Register file contents in the working tree to the index.

       git-update-ref(1)
           Update the object name stored in a ref safely.

       git-write-tree(1)
           Create a tree object from the current index.

   Interrogation commands
       git-cat-file(1)
           Provide content or type and size information for repository
           objects.

       git-diff-files(1)
           Compares files in the working tree and the index.

       git-diff-index(1)
           Compares content and mode of blobs between the index and
           repository.

       git-diff-tree(1)
           Compares the content and mode of blobs found via two tree objects.

       git-for-each-ref(1)
           Output information on each ref.

       git-ls-files(1)
           Show information about files in the index and the working tree.

       git-ls-remote(1)
           List references in a remote repository.

       git-ls-tree(1)
           List the contents of a tree object.

       git-merge-base(1)
           Find as good common ancestors as possible for a merge.

       git-name-rev(1)
           Find symbolic names for given revs.

       git-pack-redundant(1)
           Find redundant pack files.

       git-rev-list(1)
           Lists commit objects in reverse chronological order.

       git-show-index(1)
           Show packed archive index.

       git-show-ref(1)
           List references in a local repository.

       git-tar-tree(1)
           (deprecated) Create a tar archive of the files in the named tree
           object.

       git-unpack-file(1)
           Creates a temporary file with a blob's contents.

       git-var(1)
           Show a git logical variable.

       git-verify-pack(1)
           Validate packed git archive files.

       In general, the interrogate commands do not touch the files in the
       working tree.

   Synching repositories
       git-daemon(1)
           A really simple server for git repositories.

       git-fetch-pack(1)
           Receive missing objects from another repository.

       git-http-backend(1)
           Server side implementation of Git over HTTP.

       git-send-pack(1)
           Push objects over git protocol to another repository.

       git-update-server-info(1)
           Update auxiliary info file to help dumb servers.

       The following are helper commands used by the above; end users
       typically do not use them directly.

       git-http-fetch(1)
           Download from a remote git repository via HTTP.

       git-http-push(1)
           Push objects over HTTP/DAV to another repository.

       git-parse-remote(1)
           Routines to help parsing remote repository access parameters.

       git-receive-pack(1)
           Receive what is pushed into the repository.

       git-shell(1)
           Restricted login shell for GIT-only SSH access.

       git-upload-archive(1)
           Send archive back to git-archive.

       git-upload-pack(1)
           Send objects packed back to git-fetch-pack.

   Internal helper commands
       These are internal helper commands used by other commands; end users
       typically do not use them directly.

       git-check-attr(1)
           Display gitattributes information.

       git-check-ref-format(1)
           Ensures that a reference name is well formed.

       git-fmt-merge-msg(1)
           Produce a merge commit message.

       git-mailinfo(1)
           Extracts patch and authorship from a single e-mail message.

       git-mailsplit(1)
           Simple UNIX mbox splitter program.

       git-merge-one-file(1)
           The standard helper program to use with git-merge-index.

       git-patch-id(1)
           Compute unique ID for a patch.

       git-peek-remote(1)
           (deprecated) List the references in a remote repository.

       git-sh-setup(1)
           Common git shell script setup code.

       git-stripspace(1)
           Filter out empty lines.

CONFIGURATION MECHANISM
       Starting from 0.99.9 (actually mid 0.99.8.GIT), .git/config file is
       used to hold per-repository configuration options. It is a simple text
       file modeled after .ini format familiar to some people. Here is an
       example:


           .ft C
           #
           # A ´#´ or ´;´ character indicates a comment.
           #

           ; core variables
           [core]
                   ; Don´t trust file modes
                   filemode = false

           ; user identity
           [user]
                   name = "Junio C Hamano"
                   email = "junkio@twinsun.com"
           .ft


       Various commands read from the configuration file and adjust their
       operation accordingly. See git-config(1) for a list.

IDENTIFIER TERMINOLOGY