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资源说明：Higher level programming in C
Cello
=====
__Cello__ is a _library_ that brings higher level programming to C.
By acting as a _modern_, _powerful_ runtime system Cello makes many things easy
that were previously impractical or awkward in C such as:
* __Generic Data Structures__
* __Polymorphic Functions__
* __Interfaces / Type Classes__
* __Constructors / Destructors__
* __Optional Garbage Collection__
* __Exceptions__
* __Reflection__
And because Cello works seamlessly alongside standard C you get all the other
benefits such as great performance, powerful tooling, and extensive
libraries.
Examples
--------
```c
#include "Cello.h"
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
/* Stack objects are created using "$" */
var i0 = $(Int, 5);
var i1 = $(Int, 3);
var i2 = $(Int, 4);
/* Heap objects are created using "new" */
var items = new(Array, Int, i0, i1, i2);
/* Collections can be looped over */
foreach (item in items) {
print("Object %$ is of type %$\n",
item, type_of(item));
}
/* Heap objects destructed via Garbage Collection */
return 0;
}
```
```c
#include "Cello.h"
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
/* Shorthand $ can be used for basic types */
var prices = new(Table, String, Int);
set(prices, $S("Apple"), $I(12));
set(prices, $S("Banana"), $I( 6));
set(prices, $S("Pear"), $I(55));
/* Tables also support iteration */
foreach (key in prices) {
var val = get(prices, key);
print("Price of %$ is %$\n", key, val);
}
return 0;
}
```
Articles
--------
Learning Resources:
* [Installation](http://libcello.org/learn/installation)
* [Cello World](http://libcello.org/learn/cello-world)
* [Quickstart](http://libcello.org/learn/quickstart)
* [Common Queries / Pitfalls](http://libcello.org/learn/queries-and-pitfalls)
Articles about its creation and internal workings:
* [Best Improvements of Cello 2.0](http://libcello.org/learn/best-improvements-of-cello-2.0)
* [A Fat Pointer Library](http://libcello.org/learn/a-fat-pointer-library)
* [Cello vs C++ vs ObjC](http://libcello.org/learn/cello-vs-cpp-vs-objc)
* [Benchmarks](http://libcello.org/learn/benchmarks)
* [Garbage Collection](http://libcello.org/learn/garbage-collection)
More Examples
-------------
```c
#include "Cello.h"
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
var items = new(Array, Int,
$I( 8), $I( 5), $I(20),
$I(15), $I(16), $I(98));
/* Iterate over indices using "range" */
foreach (i in range($I(len(items)))) {
print("Item Range %i is %i\n", i, get(items, i));
}
/* Iterate over every other item with "slice" */
foreach (item in slice(items, _, _, $I(2))) {
print("Item Slice %i\n", item);
}
return 0;
}
```
```c
#include "Cello.h"
/* Define a normal C structure */
struct Point {
float x, y;
};
/* Make it compatible with Cello */
var Point = Cello(Point);
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
/* Create on Stack or Heap */
var p0 = $(Point, 0.0, 1.0);
var p1 = new(Point, $(Point, 0.0, 2.0));
/* It can be shown, compared, hashed, etc...
**
** p0: <'Point' At 0x000000000022FC58>
** p1: <'Point' At 0x00000000004C7CC8>
** cmp: 1
** hash: 2849275892l
*/
print("p0: %$\np1: %$\ncmp: %i\nhash: %ul\n",
p0, p1, $I(cmp(p0, p1)), $I(hash(p0)));
/* And collected by the GC when out of scope */
return 0;
}
```
F.A.Q
-----
* __Why does this exist?__
I made Cello as a fun experiment to see what C looks like hacked to its limits.
As well as being a powerful library and toolkit, it should be interesting to
those who want to explore what is possible in C.
* __How does it work?__
I recommend reading
[A Fat Pointer Library](http://libcello.org/learn/a-fat-pointer-library) to get an
overview of how Cello works. You can also peek at the source code, which I'm
told is fairly readable, or ask me any questions you like via e-mail.
* __Can it be used in Production?__
It might be better to try Cello out on a hobby project first. Cello does aim to
be _production ready_, but because it is a hack it has its fair share of
oddities and pitfalls, and if you are working in a team, or to a deadline,
there is much better tooling, support and community for languages such as C++.
* __Is anyone using Cello?__
People have experimented with it, but there is no high profile project I know
of that uses it. Cello is too big and scary a dependency for new C projects if
they want to be portable and easy to maintain.
* __Can I get involved?__
Yes! That would be great. If you do anything with Cello I'd love to know, you
can e-mail me at `contact@theorangeduck.com`, or help with the development at
the [Cello github repo](https://github.com/orangeduck/libCello). Contributions
are very welcome.
* __Who are you?__
Hello! I'm Daniel Holden. You many know me from a
[book I wrote](http://www.buildyourownlisp.com/) or my
[personal website](http://theorangeduck.com/). I also have a rarely updated
[twitter account](https://twitter.com/anorangeduck).
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