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资源说明：解题报告：Fence
题目来源：POJ 1031
解法或类型： 计算几何
作者：杨清玄
Fence
Time Limit:1S Memory Limit:1000K
Total Submit:103 Accepted:26
Description
There is an area bounded by a fence on some flat field. The fence has the height h and in the plane projection it has a form of a closed polygonal line (without self-intersections), which is specified by Cartesian coordinates (Xi, Yi) of its N vertices. At the point with coordinates (0, 0) a lamp stands on the field. The lamp may be located either outside or inside the fence, but not on its side as it is shown in the following sample pictures (parts shown in a thin line are not illuminated by the lamp):
The fence is perfectly black, i.e. it is neither reflecting, nor diffusing, nor letting the light through. Research and experiments showed that the following law expresses the intensity of light falling on an arbitrary illuminated point of this fence:
I0=k/r
where k is a known constant value not depending on the point in question, r is the distance between this point and the lamp in the plane projection. The illumination of an infinitesimal narrow vertical board with the width dl and the height h is
dI=I0*|cosα|*dl*h
where I0 is the intensity of light on that board of the fence, α is the angle in the plane projection between the normal to the side of the fence at this point and the direction to the lamp.
You are to write a program that will find the total illumination of the fence that is defined as the sum of illuminations of all its illuminated boards.
Input
The first line of the input file contains the numbers k, h and N, separated by spaces. k and h are real constants. N (3 <= N <= 100) is the number of vertices of the fence. Then N lines follow, every line contains two real numbers Xi and Yi, separated by a space.
Output
Write to the output file the total illumination of the fence rounded to the second digit after the decimal point.
Sample Input
0.5 1.7 3
1.0 3.0
2.0 -1.0
-4.0 -1.0
Sample Output
5.34
Source
Northeastern Europe 1998
解题思路：
本题是一道计算几何的题目。首先，由于题目可以得到dI=I0*|cosα|*dl*h
也就是说一条边的总照度为 = = =a*h*k
其中下，X1，X2为一条边的坐右端点，a为这条边对原点所张的角度
所以实际上本题是要求整个FENCE区域对原点所张开的总角度，
定义FENCE为一有向回路 那么每条边都是有向的。。如果按照边的方向对原点所张开的角度为顺时针。那么定义为正。逆时针为负。并且每输入一条边就把本边对原点张开的角度计算进去加到一个数里去
那么对于包含原点的区域。这个数应该为正负2 ；
对于不包含原点的区域，这个数在按边过程中的最大值-最小值就是这个区域对原点所张开的角度。
还有一种情况，那就是区域不包含原点，但是总共张开的角度大于2 ，那么只要计算为2 即可因为原点对任何区域最多只能张开2 。
数据结构：
用一个POINT数组来储存点的位置
时空分析：
如果有N个点
那么空间复杂度为O（N）
时间复杂度为O（N）
源程序：
fence.cpp
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