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资源说明：Table of Contents
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
1. Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 Installing the Integrated Development Environment (IDE) 4
1.2 Setting Up the Arduino Board 8
1.3 Using the Integrated Development Environment (IDE) to Prepare
an Arduino Sketch 10
1.4 Uploading and Running the Blink Sketch 13
1.5 Creating and Saving a Sketch 14
1.6 Using Arduino 17
2. Making the Sketch Do Your Bidding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.1 Structuring an Arduino Program 24
2.2 Using Simple Primitive Types (Variables) 25
2.3 Using Floating-Point Numbers 27
2.4 Working with Groups of Values 29
2.5 Using Arduino String Functionality 32
2.6 Using C Character Strings 37
2.7 Splitting Comma-Separated Text into Groups 38
2.8 Converting a Number to a String 41
2.9 Converting a String to a Number 43
2.10 Structuring Your Code into Functional Blocks 45
2.11 Returning More Than One Value from a Function 49
2.12 Taking Actions Based on Conditions 52
2.13 Repeating a Sequence of Statements 53
2.14 Repeating Statements with a Counter 55
2.15 Breaking Out of Loops 58
2.16 Taking a Variety of Actions Based on a Single Variable 59
2.17 Comparing Character and Numeric Values 61
2.18 Comparing Strings 63
2.19 Performing Logical Comparisons 64
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2.20 Performing Bitwise Operations 65
2.21 Combining Operations and Assignment 68
3. Using Mathematical Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
3.1 Adding, Subtracting, Multiplying, and Dividing 69
3.2 Incrementing and Decrementing Values 70
3.3 Finding the Remainder After Dividing Two Values 71
3.4 Determining the Absolute Value 72
3.5 Constraining a Number to a Range of Values 73
3.6 Finding the Minimum or Maximum of Some Values 74
3.7 Raising a Number to a Power 75
3.8 Taking the Square Root 76
3.9 Rounding Floating-Point Numbers Up and Down 76
3.10 Using Trigonometric Functions 77
3.11 Generating Random Numbers 78
3.12 Setting and Reading Bits 80
3.13 Shifting Bits 84
3.14 Extracting High and Low Bytes in an int or long 85
3.15 Forming an int or long from High and Low Bytes 87
4. Serial Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
4.1 Sending Debug Information from Arduino to Your Computer 94
4.2 Sending Formatted Text and Numeric Data from Arduino 97
4.3 Receiving Serial Data in Arduino 100
4.4 Sending Multiple Text Fields from Arduino in a Single Message 105
4.5 Receiving Multiple Text Fields in a Single Message in Arduino 111
4.6 Sending Binary Data from Arduino 114
4.7 Receiving Binary Data from Arduino on a Computer 118
4.8 Sending Binary Values from Processing to Arduino 120
4.9 Sending the Value of Multiple Arduino Pins 122
4.10 How to Move the Mouse Cursor on a PC or Mac 125
4.11 Controlling Google Earth Using Arduino 130
4.12 Logging Arduino Data to a File on Your Computer 135
4.13 Sending Data to Two Serial Devices at the Same Time 138
4.14 Receiving Serial Data from Two Devices at the Same Time 141
4.15 Setting Up Processing on Your Computer to Send
and Receive Serial Data 145
5. Simple Digital and Analog Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
5.1 Using a Switch 150
5.2 Using a Switch Without External Resistors 154
5.3 Reliably Detecting the Closing of a Switch 155
5.4 Determining How Long a Switch Is Pressed 158
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5.5 Reading a Keypad 163
5.6 Reading Analog Values 166
5.7 Changing the Range of Values 168
5.8 Reading More Than Six Analog Inputs 170
5.9 Displaying Voltages Up to 5V 173
5.10 Responding to Changes in Voltage 176
5.11 Measuring Voltages More Than 5V (Voltage Dividers) 177
6. Getting Input from Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
6.1 Detecting Movement 183
6.2 Detecting Light 186
6.3 Detecting Motion (Integrating Passive Infrared Detectors) 187
6.4 Measuring Distance 189
6.5 Measuring Distance Accurately 193
6.6 Detecting Vibration 197
6.7 Detecting Sound 198
6.8 Measuring Temperature 202
6.9 Reading RFID Tags 206
6.10 Tracking Rotary Movement 208
6.11 Tracking the Movement of More Than One Rotary Encoder 211
6.12 Tracking Rotary Movement in a Busy Sketch 214
6.13 Using a Mouse 216
6.14 Getting Location from a GPS 220
6.15 Detecting Rotation Using a Gyroscope 225
6.16 Detecting Direction 230
6.17 Getting Input from a Game Control Pad (PlayStation) 235
6.18 Reading Acceleration 237
7. Visual Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
7.1 Connecting and Using LEDs 245
7.2 Adjusting the Brightness of an LED 248
7.3 Driving High-Power LEDs 249
7.4 Adjusting the Color of an LED 252
7.5 Sequencing Multiple LEDs: Creating a Bar Graph 255
7.6 Sequencing Multiple LEDs: Making a Chase Sequence (Knight
Rider) 258
7.7 Controlling an LED Matrix Using Multiplexing 259
7.8 Displaying Images on an LED Matrix 262
7.9 Controlling a Matrix of LEDs: Charlieplexing 265
7.10 Driving a 7-Segment LED Display 271
7.11 Driving Multidigit, 7-Segment LED Displays: Multiplexing 274
7.12 Driving Multidigit, 7-Segment LED Displays Using MAX7221 Shift
Registers 276
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7.13 Controlling an Array of LEDs by Using MAX72xx Shift Registers 279
7.14 Increasing the Number of Analog Outputs Using PWM Extender
Chips (TLC5940) 281
7.15 Using an Analog Panel Meter as a Display 285
8. Physical Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
8.1 Controlling the Position of a Servo 292
8.2 Controlling One or Two Servos with a Potentiometer or Sensor 294
8.3 Controlling the Speed of Continuous Rotation Servos 296
8.4 Controlling Servos Using Computer Commands 298
8.5 Driving a Brushless Motor (Using a Hobby Speed Controller) 299
8.6 Controlling Solenoids and Relays 300
8.7 Making an Object Vibrate 302
8.8 Driving a Brushed Motor Using a Transistor 304
8.9 Controlling the Direction of a Brushed Motor with an H-Bridge 306
8.10 Controlling the Direction and Speed of a Brushed Motor with an
H-Bridge 309
8.11 Using Sensors to Control the Direction and Speed of Brushed
Motors (L293 H-Bridge) 311
8.12 Driving a Bipolar Stepper Motor 317
8.13 Driving a Bipolar Stepper Motor (Using the EasyDriver Board) 320
8.14 Driving a Unipolar Stepper Motor (ULN2003A) 323
9. Audio Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
9.1 Playing Tones 329
9.2 Playing a Simple Melody 331
9.3 Generating More Than One Simultaneous Tone 333
9.4 Generating Audio Tones and Fading an LED 335
9.5 Playing a WAV File 338
9.6 Controlling MIDI 341
9.7 Making an Audio Synthesizer 344
10. Remotely Controlling External Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
10.1 Responding to an Infrared Remote Control 348
10.2 Decoding Infrared Remote Control Signals 350
10.3 Imitating Remote Control Signals 354
10.4 Controlling a Digital Camera 357
10.5 Controlling AC Devices by Hacking a Remote-Controlled Switch 359
11. Using Displays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
11.1 Connecting and Using a Text LCD Display 364
11.2 Formatting Text 367
11.3 Turning the Cursor and Display On or Off 370
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11.4 Scrolling Text 372
11.5 Displaying Special Symbols 375
11.6 Creating Custom Characters 377
11.7 Displaying Symbols Larger Than a Single Character 379
11.8 Displaying Pixels Smaller Than a Single Character 382
11.9 Connecting and Using a Graphical LCD Display 385
11.10 Creating Bitmaps for Use with a Graphical Display 389
11.11 Displaying Text on a TV 391
12. Using Time and Dates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397
12.1 Creating Delays 397
12.2 Using millis to Determine Duration 398
12.3 More Precisely Measuring the Duration of a Pulse 402
12.4 Using Arduino as a Clock 404
12.5 Creating an Alarm to Periodically Call a Function 412
12.6 Using a Real-Time Clock 415
13. Communicating Using I2C and SPI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421
13.1 Controlling an RGB LED Using the BlinkM Module 425
13.2 Using the Wii Nunchuck Accelerometer 430
13.3 Interfacing to an External Real-Time Clock 435
13.4 Adding External EEPROM Memory 437
13.5 Reading Temperature with a Digital Thermometer 441
13.6 Driving Four 7-Segment LEDs Using Only Two Wires 445
13.7 Integrating an I2C Port Expander 449
13.8 Driving Multidigit, 7-Segment Displays Using SPI 451
13.9 Communicating Between Two or More Arduino Boards 454
14. Wireless Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459
14.1 Sending Messages Using Low-Cost Wireless Modules 459
14.2 Connecting Arduino to a ZigBee or 802.15.4 Network 465
14.3 Sending a Message to a Particular XBee 472
14.4 Sending Sensor Data Between XBees 475
14.5 Activating an Actuator Connected to an XBee 480
14.6 Sending Messages Using Low-Cost Transceivers 486
14.7 Communicating with Bluetooth Devices 491
15. Ethernet and Networking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495
15.1 Setting Up the Ethernet Shield 498
15.2 Obtaining Your IP Address Automatically 500
15.3 Resolving Hostnames to IP Addresses (DNS) 502
15.4 Requesting Data from a Web Server 504
15.5 Requesting Data from a Web Server Using XML 508
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15.6 Setting Up an Arduino to Be a Web Server 511
15.7 Handling Incoming Web Requests 514
15.8 Handling Incoming Requests for Specific Pages 517
15.9 Using HTML to Format Web Server Responses 521
15.10 Serving Web Pages Using Forms (POST) 525
15.11 Serving Web Pages Containing Large Amounts of Data 528
15.12 Sending Twitter Messages 535
15.13 Sending and Receiving Simple Messages (UDP) 539
15.14 Getting the Time from an Internet Time Server 545
15.15 Monitoring Pachube Feeds 550
15.16 Sending Information to Pachube 556
16. Using, Modifying, and Creating Libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561
16.1 Using the Built-in Libraries 561
16.2 Installing Third-Party Libraries 563
16.3 Modifying a Library 565
16.4 Creating Your Own Library 568
16.5 Creating a Library That Uses Other Libraries 574
16.6 Updating Third-Party Libraries for Arduino 1.0 580
17. Advanced Coding and Memory Handling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583
17.1 Understanding the Arduino Build Process 584
17.2 Determining the Amount of Free and Used RAM 587
17.3 Storing and Retrieving Numeric Values in Program Memory 589
17.4 Storing and Retrieving Strings in Program Memory 592
17.5 Using #define and const Instead of Integers 594
17.6 Using Conditional Compilations 595
18. Using the Controller Chip Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599
18.1 Storing Data in Permanent EEPROM Memory 603
18.2 Using Hardware Interrupts 606
18.3 Setting Timer Duration 609
18.4 Setting Timer Pulse Width and Duration 611
18.5 Creating a Pulse Generator 614
18.6 Changing a Timer’s PWM Frequency 617
18.7 Counting Pulses 620
18.8 Measuring Pulses More Accurately 621
18.9 Measuring Analog Values Quickly 624
18.10 Reducing Battery Drain 626
18.11 Setting Digital Pins Quickly 627
18.12 Uploading Sketches Using a Programmer 630
18.13 Replacing the Arduino Bootloader 632
18.14 Reprogram the Uno to Emulate a Native USB device 633
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A. Electronic Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637
B. Using Schematic Diagrams and Data Sheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643
C. Building and Connecting the Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 651
D. Tips on Troubleshooting Software Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655
E. Tips on Troubleshooting Hardware Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659
F. Digital and Analog Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663
G. ASCII and Extended Character Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667
H. Migrating to Arduino 1.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677
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